DIANA is the Roman Goddess of nature, fertility, hunting, crossroads, and the moon. She was originally worshipped by the Latins and Sabines as a Goddess of the moon and of forests; her worship was brought to Rome by the Etruscan King Servius Tullius in the sixth century BCE. He built a temple to her on the Aventine Hill, and she was worshipped mainly by the plebeians and the slaves. The two main centers of her worship were at Aricia in Latium and in the forests of Mount Tifata near Capua. Here, she was called upon by women to bless them with fertility and easy childbirths. Diana's consort as Goddess of the woods was Virbius, God of the woods.
As Diana came to be associated with the Greek Goddess Artemis, her roles in fertility and childbirth were lessened. Her image was that of a huntress with her bow and arrow and a crescent moon on her brow, and she was often accompanied by dogs, who were sacred to Artemis. She became known as the daughter of Jupiter and Latona, corresponding to Artemis's parents, Zeus and Leto. Diana was also seen as a triple Goddess, as DIANA TRIVIA (of the three ways). This epithet led to an association with death, as a three-way path was often seen as the gateway to the underworld.
Diana's name comes from the Indo-European root di-, which means "shining" or "light." Her many epithets include:
DIANA LUCINA (Goddess of childbirth)
DIANA AVENTINENSIS (of the Aventine)
DIANA CAELISTIS (celestial)
DIANA NEMORENSIS (of the woods)
DIANA OMNIVAGA (wandering one)
DIANA OPIFERA (aid bringer)
DIANA VENATRIX (huntress and mistress of wild animals)
DIANA TIFATINA (of the town of Tifata)
DIANA LUCIFERA (bringer of light)
DIANA LATONIA (from her mother, Latona)
DIANA ORTYGIA (born on the island or Ortygia, the Roman name for Delos where Artemis was born)
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"NU-KUA "IS THE ANCIENT CHINESE GODDESS OF CREATION, THE DIVINE FOREMOTHER OF HUMANS. SHE IS ONE OF THE OLDEST AND MOST POWERFUL OF THE FEMALE DEITIES FROM ONE OF THE EARTH'S OLDEST CIVILIZATIONS. SHE IS DEPICTED AS A BEAUTIFUL CREATURE, HALF-WOMAN, HALF-DRAGON...WHO WANDERS THE EARTH. IT IS SHE WHO CREATED ORDER FROM THE PRIMORDIAL CHAOS OF THE UNIVERSE, SETTLING THE LAND, THE SEA, AND THE SKY INTO PLACE. THE FOLLOWING MYTH TELLS THE STORY OF HOW THE WORLD BEGAN.
IN THE BEGINNING OF TIME, THERE WAS NOTHING BUT A COSMIC EGG WHICH WAS FORMED OF CHAOS. A GIANT NAMED P'AN KUN WAS FORMED FROM THE CHAOS; HE SLEPT FOR 18,000 YEARS, AND WHEN HE AWAKENED, THE EGG CRACKED, AND DARKNESS POURED OUT...ALONG WITH THE LIGHT WHICH HAD BEEN HIDDEN WITHIN THE CHAOS. THE DARKNESS FELL TO CREATE THE EARTH, WHILE THE LIGHT FRAGMENTS JOINED TOGETHER AND CREATED THE HEAVENS (YIN AND YANG). HOWEVER, P'AN KUN FEARED THAT CHAOS MIGHT RETURN IF THE LIGHT FELL INTO THE DARK BELOW, HE MADE IT HIS MISSION TO KEEP THE TWO SEPARATED UNTIL HE WAS SURE IT WAS SAFE.
THOUSANDS OF YEARS PASSED BY; EVENTUALLY, P'AN KU SUNK DOWN INTO THE EARTH IN EXHAUSTION AND DIED. HIS EXPIRED BREATH BECAME WIND AND CLOUDS WHILE HIS BODY AND HIS LIMBS FORMED THE MOUNTAINS AND HILLS. HIS BLOOD BEGAN TO FLOW AS THE STREAMS AND THE RIVERS. HIS HAIR TOOK ROOT BECAME THE VEGETATION; HIS TEETH BECAME THE MINERALS AND THE PRECIOUS GEMS.
IT WAS THEN THAT N"u-KUA EMERGED FROM THE HEAVENS AND ROAMED THE EARTH AND WAS AWED BY ALL OF ITS BEAUTY, BUT THE WORLD WAS DEVOID OF CREATURES, AND SHE HAD NO ONE BUT HERSELF TO ENJOY IT. SO, SHE DECIDED THAT SHE WOULD CREATE HUMANS SO P'AN KU'S SACRIFICE WOULD NOT BE IN VAIN. SHE SCOOPED UP THE YELLOW CLAY AND LOVINGLY MADE SCORES OF MEN AND WOMEN, LINING THEM UP IN FRONT OF HER, BUT AS PERFECT AS HER CREATIONS APPEARED, THEY HAD NO LIFE. THERE WERE MERE STATUES. SHE PICKED THEM UP, AND ONE BY ONE, SHE BREATHED HER DIVINE BREATH INTO THEIR LIFELESS BODIES. AT FIRST, SHE TOOK GREAT PRIDE IN MOLDING THEM, BUT AFTER AWHILE, IT BECAME SO TEDIOUS THAT SHE BEGAN DIPPING A ROPE SLIP INTO THE CLAY, THEN SHAKING IT SO THAT DROPS SPLATTERED TO THE GROUND. THUS, TWO TYPES OF HUMANS WERE BORN. FROM THE MOLDED FIGURES CAME THE NOBLES; FROM THE CLAY DROPS, THE PEASANTS WERE BORN.
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ACCORDING TO LEGEND, CORN WAS THE FOOD OF THE GODS WHO CREATED THE EARTH, AND STORIES OF THE "CORN MOTHER" AND OTHER HARVEST GODDESSES ARE TOLD BY MANY CULTURES THROUGHOUT THE WORLD, AND BELIEFS AND CUSTOMS VARIED GREATLY FROM PLACE TO PLACE IN THE EUROPEAN COUNTRIES AND AMONG THE AGRICULTURAL TRIBES IN NORTH AMERICA. THE GREEK GODDESS "DEMETER" WAS A "CORN MOTHER," AS WAS THE ROMAN GODDESS, "CERES." IN SOME PLACES A "CORN MAIDEN" OR "CORN CHILD" REPLACED THE "CORN MOTHER." SHE IS A SYMBOL OF THE GREAT GODDESS WHO BIRTHS THE FERTILE FIELD. SHE GAVE LIFE AND IS SAID TO BE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE ORIGIN OF MAIZE. HER SPIRIT WAS SAID TO DWELL IN THE LAST SHEAF OF GRAIN STANDING IN THE FIELD.
THE ARCHETYPE OF THE "CORN MOTHER" PLAYS AN IMPORTANT PART IN HARVEST CUSTOMS ALL OVER THE WORLD. IT IS ESPECIALLY POPULAR IN THE FOLKLORE OF EUROPEAN COUNTRIES. IN NORTHERN EUROPE, PEOPLE HONORED THE CHANGING SEASONS BY CREATING STRAW FIGURES OF THE "CORN MAIDEN" AND BURNING THEM. THE AUSTRIANS ALSO HAD A "CORN MOTHER" DOLL FASHIONED FROM THE LAST SHEAF OF GRAIN CUT IN THE FIELD AND THEN BROUGHT HOME TO THE VILLAGE IN THE LAST WAGON.
CORN WAS A STAPLE IN THE DIET OF MANY NATIVE AMERICAN PEOPLES, SO THE STORY OF ITS ORIGINS IS ONE OF THEIR MOST SACRED... FOOD AND ECONOMY ARE ONE, SO "CORN MOTHER" IS NOT SIMPLY THE SOURCE OF FOOD. SHE HAD MANY ROLES. SHE WAS NOT JUST AS A BRINGER OF CORN AND AGRICULTURAL FERTILITY, BUT WAS ALSO REVERED AS A CREATOR, LEADER OF TRIBAL MIGRATIONS, PROTECTOR, HEALER, AND CULTURE-BRINGER/TEACHER. THEY PRAYED TO THE "CORN MOTHER" AND TOLD STORIES OF THE BIRTH OF THE WORLD THROUGH SCATTERED CORN SEEDS.
"NATIVE AMERICAN PRAYER OF THANKSGIVING NOW THAT I AM ABOUT TO EAT, O GREAT SPIRIT, GIVE MY THANKS TO THE BEASTS AND BIRDS WHOM YOU HAVE PROVIDED FOR MY HUNGER. PRAY DELIVER MY SORROW THAT LIVING THINGS MUST MAKE A SACRIFICE FOR MY COMFORT AND WELL-BEING. LET THE FEATHER OF CORN SPRING UP IN ITS TIME AND LET IT NOT WITHER BUT MAKE FULL GRAINS FOR THE FIRES OF OUR COOKING POTS, NOW THAT I AM ABOUT TO EAT. "
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Emesh is a Sumerian god of vegetation. He was created, alongside the god Enten, at the wish of Enlil to take responsibility on earth for woods, fields, sheep folds, and stables. He is identified with the abundance of the earth and with summer.
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