"OF ALL THINGS UPON THE EARTH THAT BLEED AND GOW, A HERB MOST BRUISED IS WOMAN"--EURIPIDES
"MEDEA" IS A PRINCESS, A HEALER, AND A WITCH, ONE OF THE GREAT SORCERESSES OF THE ANCIENT WORLD; SHE WAS A PRINCESS OF COLCHIS, A KINGDOM THAT IS LOCATED ON THE EASTERN SHORE OF THE BLACK SEA. HER ANCESTORS WERE LINKED TO BOTH THE SUN AND HEALING...LONG BEFORE APOLLO BECAME THE GOD ASSOCIATED WITH THESE REALMS. HER GRANDFATHER WAS HELIOS, THE SUN GOD OF THE OLD ORDER; HER AUNT, CIRCE WAS A SORCERESS, MAGICIAN, AND HERBALSIT WHO TRAINED MEDEA IN THESE ARTS. SOME SAY SHE IS THE DAUGHTER OF HECATE FOR SHE SERVED THIS GODDESS AS A PRIESTESS, HONORING HER ON THE DARK NIGHT. MEDEA KNEW OF THE LUNAR CYCLE AND HOW TO DRAW DOWN THE MOON WHEN RITUAL AND CEREMONY WERE NEEDED.
MEDEA HAD A DATE WITH DESTINY WHEN THE ARGONAUTS, IN SEARCH OF THE GOLDEN FLEECE, CAME ASHORE, FOR IT WAS THEN THAT SHE MET AND FELL IN LOVE WITH THE GREEK HERO, JASON. JASON WAS ENAMOURED WITH MEDEA'S POWERS AND PROMISED TO TAKE HER TO HELLAS AND MARRY HER IF ONLY SHE WOULD HELP HIM IN ACHIEVING HIS IMPOSSIBLE GOAL. SO, WITH THE HELP OF SPECIAL OINTMENTS, INCANTATIONS, AND TIMING, MEDEA ENABLED JASON TO SUCCEED AT THE TRIALS WHICH HAD BEEN SET BEFORE HIM...BUT IN HELPING HIM, SHE HAD TO BETRAY HER OWN FAMILY AND FLEE HER HOMELAND.
EVENTUALLY, MEDEA AND JASON SETTLE IN CORINTH WHERE THEY LIVED HAPPILY FOR ABOUT TEN YEARS; THEY HAD TWO CHILDREN TOGETHER, BUT JASON WAS GROWING WEARY OF HIS WIFE AND WANTED SOMEONE YOUNGER; THUS, HE CHOSE AS A BRIDE, THE DAUGHTER OF THE KING OF CORINTH. MEDEA IS TOLD THAT SHE MUST LEAVE THE COUNTRY IMMEDIATELY, BUT SHE PLEADS FOR MORE TIME, BUT IS ONLY GIVEN A ONE DAY REPRIEVE. DURING THAT TIME, SHE REMINDS JASON OF ALL THAT SHE HAS DONE FOR HIM, BUT JASON TURNS A DEAF EAR ON HER PLEA, TELLING HER THAT SHE NEED NOT WORRY, HIS FRIENDS WILL TAKE CARE OF HER. MEDEA, HUMILIATED AND BETRAYED, PREVENTED THE MARRIAGE BY KILLING BOTH THE PRINCESS AND THE KING.
AT THIS TIME, AEGES, KING OF ATHENS, ARRIVES AND OFFERS MEDEA SANCTUARY. NOW THAT SHE IS GUARANTEED A PLACE TO GO, SHE SETS FORTH TO COMPLETING HER REVENGE...WHICH INCLUDES THE MURDER OF HER OWN CHILDREN. SHE IS SO CONSUMED WITH RAGE THAT, EVEN THOUGH SHE WILL BE HURT HERSELF, AT THE DEATH OF HER CHILDREN,IT DOES NOT OUTWEIGH THE SATISFACTION SHE WILL FEEL IN MAKING JASON SUFFER. AFTER SHE COMPLETES HER DASTARDLY ACT, MEDEA FLEES THE SCENE IN A DRAGON PULLED CHARIOT WHICH HAS BEEN PROVIDED BY HER GRANDFATHER, HELIOS.
THIS TRAGEDY CONFRONTS OUR HUMAN EXPERIENCE OF RAGE, BETRAYAL, AND THE PAIN OF A BROKEN HEART. ALTHOUGH WE MIGHT NEVER THINK OF DOING THE UNSPEAKABLE, WE CAN RECOGINZE THE MOTIF AND THE PATTERN INHERENT IN THIS TALE.
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FORTUNA IS THE ROMAN GODDESS OF FORTUNE AND LUCK--BOTH GOOD OR BAD. HER NAME MEANS "SHE WHO BRINGS". SHE IS SAID TO BE A GODDESS EVEN OLDER THAT THE GREEK DEITIES, HER HOME WAS SAID TO BE ON AN ISLAND WHERE SHE LIVED IN A GREAT CASTLE...MAJESTIC ON ONE SIDE AND LYING IN RUINS ON THE OTHER. HER STATUE COULD ALWAYS BE FOUND IN THE BEDCHAMBER OF THE ROMAN EMPORERS; IT WAS SAID THAT ANYONE WHO HAD EXPERIENCED A STREAK OF LUCK 'HAD A FORTUNA".
THERE IS A TALE ABOUT JULIUS CAESAR, WHO, WHILE ON THE HIGH SEAS IN A BOAT BEING TOSSED ABOUT IN A GREAT STORM, REPORTEDLY TOLD THE PILOT THAT HE SHOULD NOT WORRY, THAT THE SHIP CARRIED CAESAR'S FORTUNA. IN FACT, FORTUNA WAS REVERED BY THE SAILORS WHO PRAYED TO HER FOR HER AID IN AVOIDING STORMS, RETURNING ALIVE, AND HAVING PROFITABLE COMMERCE FROM THEIR JOURNEY. HENCE, SHE WAS ALSO HAILED AS A WEATHER GODDESS, FORTUNA COULD BRING SUNNY SKIES OR THROW THUNDERBOLTS. ONE OF HER SYMBOLS IS A SHIP'S RUDDER WHICH SUGGESTED KEEPING TO THE PATH. THE OTHER WAS A CORNUCOPIA. SHE WAS A BRINGER OF STORMS WHO WAS OFTEN SEE WHIRLING IN MIDAIR OR SPINNING IN THE CENTER OF HER GREAT WHEEL. IT IS SAID THAT SHE COULD EASILY BRING A MAN UP WITH ONE HAND AND TOSS HIM DOWN WITH THE OTHER.
SOME SAY SHE MAY HAVE BEEN THE QUEEN OF THE WORLD AT ONE TIME, BUT SHE WAS NEVER A LADY. SADLY, IN PATRIARCHAL TIMES, ONE OF THE MOST COMMON WAYS FOR HER TO BE PORTRAYED IN WAS THAT OF A WHORE. THIS WAS PARTLY TO SYMBOLIZE THE CARICIOUS WAYS SHE GAVE OUT HER FAVORS AND PARTLY BECAUSE THE WHORE WAS THE LOWEST WOMAN IN SOCIETY AT THAT TIME. ELABORATE RITUALS WERE SET UP BY HER PETITIONERS...WITH FOUR MEN REPRESENTING HER WHEEL...AND FORTUNA HERSELF WAS ALWAYS PLAYED BY A SEX WORKER OR A WOMAN 'OF LOOSE MORALS'.
"ROMANS OFTEN ASKED FORTUNA ABOUT THEIR FATE AND DIFFICULT PROBLEMS...AND TRADITIONALLY THEIR ANSWERS CAME ON SLIPS OF PAPER...OFTEN BAKED IN BREAD BALLS SIMILAR TO TODAY'S FORTUNE COOKIE. NEXT TIME YOU PLAN A PARTY, PLAN TO MAKE SOME HOMEMADE FORTUNE COOKIES AND THEN HAVE SOME FUN WITH YOUR GUESTS AS EACH TAKES THEIR TURN REACHING INTO THE BOWL TO SEE WHAT FORTUNA HAS TO SAY."
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ERESHKIGAL (pronounced ay-RESH-kee-gal) is the Sumerian Goddess of death and Queen of the Underworld. She is the daughter of Nammu, Goddess of the primordial sea, and Anu, God of the sky, and twin sister of Enki, God of the waters. Shortly after her birth, she was carried off by the dragon Kur to the Underworld, where she became its ruler. She is also said to be the older sister of Inanna, Goddess of love, war, and fertility, and she is mostly known from the myth of Inanna's descent to the Underworld. Ereshkigal's husband Gugalanna, the Bull of Heaven, had been killed after Inanna sent him to punish Gilgamesh, and Inanna went to the Underworld to pay her respects to her sister. Ereshkigal feared that Inanna was actually coming to take over the Underworld, and had her servant remove an article of Inanna's clothing at each of the seven gates that she had to pass through. When she finally arrives naked at the foot of Ereshkigal's throne, Ereshkigal strikes her sister dead and hangs her body from a hook behind her throne.
Another myth of Ereshkigal tells of how she came to have a second husband, Nergal, God of war and plague. Nergal was first sent to the Underworld with a message from the other Gods to Ereshkigal. He was so impressed that he petitioned the Gods to let him visit a second time, and the great God Anu warned him not to eat or drink anything in the Underworld and not to get too close to Ereshkigal. However, Ereshkigal seduced Nergal and they stayed in bed for seven days. Nergal then left the Underworld and returned to the heavens. Heartbroken Ereshkigal threatened to raise the dead until they outnumbered the living if the other Gods would not send Nergal back, and he returned to the Underworld and married her.
Ereshkigal's name, which means "lady of the great earth," is seen as EREC-KIGALA, and she was also known as IRKALLA, which is another name for the Sumerian Underworld.
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HA-PU'U is a Hawaiian dragon Goddess. She was one of the dragon Gods that Mo'o-inanea brought to Hawaii and settled with her on the island of Oahu. Along with the Goddess Hau-ola, she guards the cliff at the end of the Nuuanu Valley. She eventually assumed the form of a large stone, and it was customary to leave lehua flowers on the stone as offerings. Parents also buried the umbilical cords of their children under the stone to protect their babies from evil. The stones were destroyed by a bulldozer in 1953 when a road into the valley was built.
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