Mogons or Moguns was a god worshipped in Roman Britain and in Gaul. The main evidence is from altars dedicated to the god by Roman soldiers, but the deity is not a native Italic one. It appears to be Celtic. Inscriptional spellings include Mogetios, Mogounos, Mogti, Mounti, Mogont, Mogunt. Not all of these words are necessarily in the nominative case. For example, Mounti is a dative, probably *Mogunti, from a hypothetical nominative, *Moguns, of a back-formed Latin stem, *Mogunt-.
Etymologically the name can be seen to be the same as the English word Might personified. It has been translated by others as greatness or the great one. The fact that ordinary soldiers adopted him tends to support a "powerful" or "effective" interpretation rather than self-glorification.
Altar-stones raised to Mogons have been recovered in the United Kingdom, such as the stones found at the following locations. The number is the catalog number of the artifact and the name in parentheses is the word as it appears on the stone, not necessarily (and probably not) in the nominative case. Most are datives, to be translated as "to" the god:
* Voreda (Old Penrith): 921 (Mogti), 922 (Mounti)
* Castra Exploratorum (Netherby, Cumbria): 971 (Mogont Vitire)
* Habitancum (Risingham): 1225 (Mogonito, dative of *Mogonitus, adjective formed from *Mogons), 1226 (Mouno, *Moguno, dative of *Mogunus)
* Bremenium (High Rochester): 1269 (Mountibus, *Moguntibus, dative plural of *Moguns)
* Vindolanda (Chesterholm): 1722d (Mogunti et Genio Loci).
Modern Mainz takes its name from Castrum Moguntiacum, a Roman base placed there. It is hypothesized that Moguns gave his name to it. The inscription at Habitancum identifies the troops stationed at that location as being from the Vangiones, the Gaesati and Rhaetia; i.e., from Germania Superior. Mainz was in the territory of the Vangiones, who were Belgae.
The question of whether Moguns was Celtic or Germanic hinges to a large degree on the ethnicity of the Vangiones. As Belgae, they were considered Celts of Germanic origin. If they had still spoken Germanic, they would have been considered Germanic. Whether Celtic or Germanic, they were not the original population in the region, which had been purely Celtic, but must have been moved into it or allowed to settle there by the Romans. The Celts of Julius Caesar's time had evacuated the region through fear of the Suebi. The defense of the region against the latter is the main reason for the Roman base.
The Habitancum inscription contains also the expression Deo Mogonito Cad... with the letters following Cad missing. As the region is in the territory of the historic Scottish tribe called the Gadeni, centered around Jedburgh (Jed possibly from Cad), the Cad.. is interpreted as some case of Cadeni. One speculation is that the Cadeni were a section of the Vangiones. Some derive Cadeni from Gaedhal, or Gael. A third theory derives Cad from catu-, "battle", with a sense "to the battle god, Mogon...".
Considering that the gods worshipped in the future Alsace, then home of the Vangiones, were Celtic, such as Grannus, Moguns is currently taken to be Celtic.[citation needed] The -uns is a specifically Celtic suffix. As for the historic Gadeni, their origin is not known. They could been the remnants of the Vangiones or possibly among the indigenes. Perhaps the future discovery of additional inscriptions or the future publication of inscriptions already known but unpublished will shed further light on Mogons.
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"HEBAT" WAS THE MATRON GODDESS OF MESOPOTAMIA; SHE WAS KNOWN AS "THE MOTHER OF ALL LIVING"." THE ANCIENT HURRIANS WORSHIPPED HER AS THE CONSORT OF TESHUB (THE STORM GOD) AND THE MOTHER OF SARRUMA (KING OF THE MOUNTAINS). THE INCARNATION OF ROYALTY AND BEAUTY, HEBAT IS DEPICTED AS A DOMESTICATED WOMAN WHO IS EITHER SEATED ON A THRONE OR WITH A LION.
THE GREAT GODDESS HEBAT REPRESENTED THE SUN MOTHER AS RULER OF HEAVENLY ENLIGHTENMENT; AS SUCH, SHE CONTROLS THE POWER AND THE LIGHT OF THE SUN...AND PROTECTS WOMEN IN TIMES OF WAR. HEBATS HEADDRESS SUGGESTS THE "FOUNTAIN OF LIFE" AND "CUP OF IMMORTALITY". THE PEACEFUL LION SHOWS HOW SHE IS INTERCONNECTED WITH THE ANIMAL KINGDOM. HER NURSING BABY IS THE NUMINOUS EVER-COMING CHILD OF LIGHT.
HEBAT ALSO PARALLELS THE HEBREW GODDESS ASHTORETH WHO WAS FREQUENTLY SHOWN FLANKED BY LIONESSES OR STANDING ON TOP OF A LION. THRESHING FLOORS WERE DEDICATED TO HEBAT, POSSIBLY EVEN THE ONE DAVID PURCHASED ON MOUNT MORIAH WHERE KING SOLOMON BUILT HIS TEMPLE.
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AINE OF KNOCAINE:
(Pronounced aw-ne); Ireland. Moon Goddess; patroness of crops and cattle.
Connected with the Summer Solstice.
ANU,ANANN, DANA, DANA-ANA:
Ireland. Goddess of plenty, another aspect of the Morrigu: Mother Earth; Great Goddess; greatest of all Goddesses. This flowering fertility Goddess, sometimes she formed a trinity with Badb and Macha. Her priestesses comforted and taught the dying. Fires were lit for her at Midsummer. Two hills in Kerry are called the Paps of Anu. Maiden aspect of the triple Goddess in Ireland. Guardian of cattle and health. Goddess of fertility, prosperity, comfort.
ARIANRHOD:
Wales: "Silver Wheel"; "High fruitful mother"; star Goddess; sky Goddess;
Goddess of reincarnation; Full Moon Goddess. Her palace was called Caer Arianrhod (Aurora Borealis). Keeper of the circling Silver Wheel of Stars, a symbol of time and karma. This wheel was also known as the Oar Wheel, a ship which carried dead warriors to the Moon-land (Emania). Mother of Llue Llaw Gyffes and Dylan by her brother Gwydion. Her original consort was Nwtvre (Sky of Firmament). Mother aspect of the Triple Goddess in Wales. Honored at the Full Moon. Beauty, fertility, reincarnation. Call on Arianrhod to help you with past life memories and difficulties as well as for contacting the Star People.
BADB, BADHBH, BADB CATHA:
Ireland. "Boiling", "Battle Raven", "Scald-crow". the cauldron of ever- producing life; Known in Gaul as Cauth Bodva. War Goddess and wife of net, a war God.
Sister of Macha, the Morrigu and Anu. Mother Aspect in Ireland. Associated with the cauldron, crows and ravens. Life, wisdom, inspiration, enlightenment.
BANBA:
Ireland. Goddess; part of a tried with Fotia and Eriu. They used magick to repel invaders.
BLODEUWEDD, WLODWIN, BLANCHEFLOR:
Wales. "Flower Face", "White Flower". Lily maid of Celtic initiation ceremonies.
AKA the Ninefold Goddess of the Western Isles of Paradise. Created by Math &
Gwydion as a wife for Lleu. She was changed into an owl for her adultery and plotting Lleu's death. The Maiden aspect; her symbol was the owl; Goddess of the Earth in bloom. Flowers, wisdom, lunar mysteries, initiations.
BOANN, BOANNAN, BOYNE:
Ireland. Goddess of the river Boyne, mother of Angus Mac Og by the Dagda. Once there was a well chaped by nine magick hazel trees. These trees bore crimson nuts which gave knowledge of everything in the world. Divine salmon lived in the well and ate the nuts. No one, not even the high gods, were allowed to go near the well. But Boann went anyway. The well water rose to drive her away, but they never returned to the well. Instead they became the River Boyne and the salmon became the inhabitants of the river. Other Celtic river Giddess: Siannan (Shannon), Sabrina (Severn, Sequana Seine), Deva (Dee), Clota (Clyde), Verbeia (Wharfe), Brigantia (Braint, Brent). Healing.
BRANWEN:
Manx. Wales. Sister of Bran the Blessed and wife of the Irish King Matholwchh.
Venus of the Northern Seas; daughter of Llyr (Lir); one of the three matriarca of Britain; Lady of the Lake (cauldron) Goddess of love and beauty.
BRIGIT, BRID, BRIGID, BRIGHID:
Ireland, Wales, Spain, France. "Power"; "Reown"; "Feiry Arrow of Power" (Breo- saighead). Daughter of the Dagda; called the poeess. Often called the Triple Brighids. Threee Blessed Ladies of Britain, the Three Mothers. Another aspect of Danu: Associated with Imbolc. She had an exclusive female priesthood at Kildare and an ever-burning sacred fire. The number of her priestesses was 19 representing the 19-year cycle of the Celtic "Great Year". Her kelles were sacred prostitutes and her soldiers brigands. Goddess of fire, fertility, the hearth and all feminine arts and crafts, and martial arts. Healing, physicians, agriculture, inspiration, learning, poetry, divination, prophecy, smithcraft, animal husbandry, love, witchcraft, occult knowledge. Plants: Blackberry Animals: Oxen and Ram.
CAILLECH:
Great Goddess in her Destroyer aspect; called the Veiled One. Disease, plague, cursing. Wheat.
CERRIDWEN, CARIDWEN, CERIDWEN:
Wales. Moon Goddess; Great Mother; grain Goddess; Goddess of Nature. the white corpse-eating sow representing the Moon. Welsh bards called themselves Cerddorion (sons of Cerridwen). The bard Taliesin, founder of their craft, was said to be born of Cerridwen and to have tasted a potent from her magick cauldron of inspiration. Wife of the giant Tegid and mother of a beautiful girl Creirwy and an ugly boy Avagdu. In her magickal cauldron, she made a potion called greal (from which the word Grail probably came). The potion was made from six plants for inspiration and knowledge. Her symbol was a white sow. Death, fertility, regeneration, inspiration, magick, astrology, herbs, science, poetry, spells, knowledge. Plants: Vervain, Acorns.
CREIDDYLAD, CREUDYLAD, CORDELIA:
Wales. Daughter of the sea God Llyr. Connected with Beltane and often called the May Queen. Goddess of summer flower, love and flowers.
THE CRONE:
One aspect of the Triple Goddess. She represents old age or death, winter, the end of all things, the waning Moon, post-menstrual phases of women's lives, all destruction that precedes regeneration through her cauldron of rebirth. Crows and other black creatures are sacred to her. Dogs often accompanied her and guarded the gates of her after-world, helping her to receive the dead. In Celtic myth, the gatekeeper-dog was named Dormarth (Death's Door). The Irish Celts maintained that true curses could be cast with the dog's help. Therefore, they use the word cainte (dog) for a satiric Bard with the magick power to speak curses that came true.
DANU, DANANN, DANA:
Ireland. Probably the same as Anu. Major Mother Goddess; ancestress of the Tuatha De Danann; Mother of the gods; Great Mother; Moon Goddess. She gave her name to the Tuatha De Danann (People of the Goddess Danu). Another aspect of the Morrigu. Patroness of wizards, rivers, water, wells, prosperity & plenty, magick, wisdom.
DON, DOMNU, DONN:
Ireland, Wales. "Deep sea"; "Abyss". Queen of the Heavens; Goddess of sea and air. Sometimes called a Goddess, sometimes a God. The equivalent of the Irish Danu. In Ireland, Don ruled over the Land of the Dead. Entrances to this Otherworld were always in a sidhe (shee) or burial mound. Control of the elements, eloquence.
DRUANTIA:
"Queen of the Druids"; Mother of the tree calendar; Fir Goddess. Fertility, passion, sexual activities, trees, protection, knowledge, creativity.
ELAINE:
Wales, Britain. Maiden aspect of the Goddess.
EPONA:
Celtic, "Divine Horse", "The Great Mare". Goddess of horses, fertility, maternity, protective of horses, horse breeding, prosperity, dogs, healing, springs, crops. Animals: Horses, goose.
ERIU, ERIN:
Ireland. One of the three queens of the Tuatha Da Danann and a daughter of the Dagda.
FLIDAIS:
Ireland. Goddess of forests, woodlands & wild things; ruler of wild beasts. She rode in a chariot drawn by a deer. Shape-shifter.
GREAT MOTHER:
The Lady; female principle of creation. Goddess of fertility, the Moon, summer, flowers, love, healing, the seas, water. The "mother" finger was considered the index finger, the most magickal which guided, beckoned, blessed & cursed.
MACHA:
Ireland. "Crow"; "Battle"; "Great Queen of Phantoms"; Mother of Life and death;
a war Goddess; Mother Death; originally a Mother Goddess; one of the aspects of the triple Morrigu. Also called Mania, Mana, Mene, Minne. Associated with ravens and crows. She was honored Lugnassadh. After a battle, the Irish would cut off the heads of the losers and called them Macha's acorn crop. Protectress in war as in peace; Cunning, sheer physical force, sexuality, fertility, dominance over males.
MARGAWSE:
Wales, Britain. Mother aspect of the Goddess.
THE MORRIGU, MORRIGAN, MORGIAN, MORGAN:
Ireland, Britian, Wales. Great Queen, Supreme War Goddess, Queen of Phantoms or Demons, Specter Queen. Shape-shifter. Reigned over the battlefields, helping with her magick but did not join in the battles. Associated with crows & ravens.
The Crone aspect of the Goddess; Great White Goddess; Great Mother; Moon Goddess; Queen of the fairies. In her dark aspect (the symbol is then the raven or crow) she is the Goddess of war, fate death; she went fully armed & carried two spears. The carrion crow is her favorite disguise. Goddess of rivers, lakes
& fresh water. Patroness of priestesses & witches. Revenge, night, magick, prophecy.
MUSES:
Greek, Goddesses of inspiration who vary in number depending upon the pantheon used.
NIAMH:
Ireland. "Beauty"; "Brightness". A form of Badb who helps heroes at death.
NORNS:
Celtic; the three sisters of the Wyrd. Responsible for weaving fate - past, present and future.
RHIANNON:
Wales; "The Great Queen" Goddess of birds and horses. Enchantments, fertility, and the Underworld. She rides a swift white horse.
SCATHACH, SCOTA, SCATHA, SCATH:
Ireland, Scotland. "Shadow, shade"; "The Shadowy One" "She who strikes fear" Underworld Goddess of the Land of Scath. Dark Goddess; Goddess in the destroyer aspect. Also a warrior woman and prophetess who lived in Albion (Scotland)
probably on the Isle of Skye and taught the martial arts. Patroness of blacksmiths, healing , magick, prophecy, martial arts.
WHITE LADY:
Known in all Celtic countries. Dryad of death; identified with Macha; Queen of the Dead; the Crone form of the Goddess. Death, Destruction, annihilation.
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AMPHIRO (pronounced am-PHEE-ro) is the Greek Goddess of the rising tide. She is one of the Okeanides, the 3000 daughters of Tethys and Okeanos, Goddess and God of the oceans. The Okeanides were responsible for fresh water sources, whether from the earth (such as springs and rivers) or from the sky (such as clouds and rain). Amphiro's name means "the surrounding flow."
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