" CLYTEMNESTRA "IS THE MORTAL DAUGHTER OF THE SPARTAN KING, TYNDAREUS AND LEDA. SHE IS THE SISTER OF HELEN OF TROY. IT SEEMS THAT, BECAUSE HER FATHER HAD NEGLECTED A SACRIFICE FOR APHRODITE, THE GODDESS CURSED HIM, AND HIS DAUGHTERS....ALL THREE WOULD BECOME ADULTERESSES.
INITALLY, CLYTEMNESTRA WAS MARRIED TO TANTALUS, A MAN HER FATHER HAD BETROTHED HER TOO WHILE SHE WAS STILL A VIRGIN; BUT HE WAS AN OLD MAN AND WAS KILLED MY HER SECOND HUSBAND, AGAMEMNON SOON AFTER THE WEDDING. SHE LOVED HER NEW HUSBAND AND BORE HIM FOUR CHILDREN--IPHIGENIA, ELECTRA, CHRYSOTHEMIS, AND ORESTES. LEGEND HAS IT THAT AGAMEMNON, ON HIS WAY TO RETRIEVE HELEN, FOOLISHLY SACRIFICED HIS OWN DAUGHTER, IPHIGENIA TO THE GODS IN EXCHANGE FOR FAIR WINDS. AN ENRAGED CLYTEMNESTRA BEGAN TO PLOT HER REVENGE.
DURING AGANMEMNON'S TEN-YEAR ABSENCE, CLYTEMNESTRA TOOK A LOVER, AEGISTHUS, AND RULED IN HER HUSBANDS NAME. WHEN AGANMEMNON RETURNED, SHE PRETENDED TO WELCOME HIM BACK; AGANMEMNON LET HIS GUARD DOWN, AND WHEN HE DID, AEGISTHUS MURDERED HIM. AND THEN THE COUPLE WENT ON TO BUTCHER ALL OF HIS SUPPORTERS.
TOGETHER WITH AEGISTHUS, SHE RULED MYCENAE FOR ANOTHER TEN OR MORE YEARS...UNTIL ELECTRA, RABID FOR VENGEANCE AFTER THE DEATH OF HER FATHER, ARRANGED FOR ORESTES TO KILL THE PAIR. CLYMENESTRA LEFT BEHIND A TRAGIC EXAMPLE OF A WOMAN OF POWER WHO WAS VICTIMIZED BY THE MEN OF HER TIME...AND AS A RESULT, WOMEN THEN LOST THEIR POLITICAL POWER. MANY LOOK UPON HER AS EVIL, BUT THIS NOT TRUE; SHE WAS, IN FACT, A WOMAN OF POWER WHO TRIED TO TAKE ACTION AGAINST THE FORCES WORKING AGAINST HER AND FAILED. UNFORTUNATELY, HER DEATH ENDED ANY MATRIARCHAL COMPONENT TO GREEK SOCIETY; THUS, IT BECAME COMPLETELY PATRIARCHAL UNTIL THE ROMAN PERIOD.
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"KUBABA" IS AN ANCIENT GODDESS, A PART OF THE EARLIEST KNOWN CIVILIZATION IN THE WORLD. SHE IS DEPICTED AS A DIGNIFIED FIGURE WHO IS DRAPED IN A LONG ROBE. A MOTHER GODDESS, SHE WAS WORSHIPPED BY SEVERAL CULTURES FOR MORE THAN MILLENNIA. KUBABA IS A TRUE SURVIVOR FOR AFTER ALL THOSE YEARS, HER IMAGE HAS MANAGED TO SURVIVE THE TEST OF TIME. THE MONUMENT PICTURED, THOUGH THOUSANDS OF YEARS OLD, SURVIVES FAIRLY INTACT AND SHOWS THE KUBABA HOLDING A MIRROR AND A POMEGRANATE, BOTH SYMBOLS OF MAGIC AND FERTILITY.
KUBABAS HISTORY CAN BE TRACED BACK TO THE DAYS OF THE HURRIAN CULTURE OF NORTHEASTERN MESOPOTAMIA. SHE WAS THE TUTELARY GODDESS WHO PROTECTED THE ANCIENT SYRIAN CITY OF CARCHEMISH AND WAS REPRESENTED IN MUCH THE THE SAME FASHION AS THE MONUMENT., BUT THEN SHE WAS CALLED HEPAT. AND LATER, AFTER THE FALL OF THE HURRIANS, SHE WAS ADOPTED BY THE HITTITES WHO GAVE HER THE NAME KUBABA. THIS HAPPENED AROUND 1200 BC.
KUBABA IS ALSO THE NAME OF THE ONLY QUEEN IN THE SUMERIAN KING LIST, AND SOME BELIEVE THE NAME AND LEGEND OF KUBABA MAY ACTUALLY BE RELATED TO QUEEN KUBABA OF THE CITY-STATE KINGDOM OF KISH. SHE WAS NOT A QUEEN BY BIRTH OR MARRIAGE, AND HER CLIMB TO POWER WAS ACTUALLY QUITE UNCONVENTIONAL. SHE DIDNT COME FROM A ROYAL OR ARISTOCRATIC FAMILY; SHE WAS, IN FACT, A TAVERN OWNER BEFORE TAKING POWER. HER REIGN AS THE ONLY "KING "OF KISH WAS ONE OF PEACE AND PROSPERITY. SHRINES IN HER HONOR SPREAD THROUGHOUT MESOPOTAMIA.
HOWEVER, THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE HISTORICAL KUBABA AND THE GODDESS IS NOT CONCLUSIVE. WHAT IS KNOWN IS THAT THE MOTHER GODDESS WAS FOUND IN LATER CULTURES UNDER DIFFERENT NAMES AND, EVENTUALLY, THE KINGDOM OF PHRYGIA IN CENTRAL ANATOLIA, NOW TURKEY, ADOPTED HER AS THEIR MOTHER GODDESS. SHE WAS KNOWN AS CYBEBE. LATER, THE GRECO-ROMAN CIVILIZATION ALSO ADOPTED HER, CALLING HER SEVERAL NAMES...INCLUDING ARTEMIS, PERASIA, AND EVENTUALLY CYBELE.
KUBABA ALSO REPRESENTS SOMETHING UNIQUE TO MESOPOTAMIAN CULTURE. SHE WAS WOMAN, AND AS A WOMAN, SHE WAS POWERFUL, AND THE KINGDOMS THAT EMERGED IN THIS AREA HAD PRAYED TO THE POWERFUL GODDESS, KUBABA. TODAY, STATUES AND OTHER RELICS THAT BEAR HER IMAGE OR NAME ARE BEING UNEARTHED. MOST OF WHAT ARE FOUND ARE EITHER DEDICATED TO THE REAL KUBABA, WHILE MANY OTHERS ARE REPRESENTATIONS OF THE GODDESS. SHE IS THE MOTHER GODDESS WHO HAS WITHSTOOD THE TESTS OF TIME, THE MOTHER GODDESS TO A LOT OF CHILDREN, THE MOTHER OF CIVILIZATION.
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MATARIKI is the Maori Goddess of the Pleiades, a group of seven stars that have mythological associations all over the world. To the Maori, the Pleiades are Matariki and her six daughters:
Tupu-a-Nuku, Tupu-a-Rangi, Wai-Tii, Wai-Ta, Wai-puna-Rangi, and Uru-Rangi. Matariki means "small eyes," and the appearance of the Goddess and her daughters in the sky signals the beginning of the new year.
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