Toutatis or Teutates was a Celtic god worshipped in ancient Gaul and Britain. On the basis of his name's etymology, he has been widely interpreted to be a tribal protector. Today, he is best known under the name Toutatis through the Gaulish catchphrase "By Toutatis!", invented for the Asterix comics by Goscinny and Uderzo. The spelling Toutatis, however, is authentic and attested by about ten ancient inscriptions. Under the spelling Teutates, the god is also known from a passage in Lucan.
Teutates is above all other things a teacher, the god who bestowed upon humanity all of its useful skills. He is the patron of crafts and sciences, a lover of knowledge and study and a staunch defender of the progress of society. The destruction of the Gaulish culture at the hands of Rome was an especially great blow for him, as he had helped to nurture and create much of said culture. Still, he stands as protector for all of his people and teaches those few remaining with infinite care and wisdom.
When Rome conquered Gaul and began absorbing the foreign religion into its own, they equated Teutates with Hermes and began determinedly destroying every reference to him that did not fit this interpretation. This was especially galling because, although Hermes is a patron of commerce and a teacher of mankind, he is also a trickster and a thief, neither qualities that Teutates espouses. The two gods seldom make contact, but there is little doubt that Teutates would love to punish the God of Thieves sorely for his part in destroying the culture he had so carefully built.
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Bernardo Carpio is a legendary figure in Philippine Mythology who is said to be the cause of earthquakes. There are numerous versions of this tale. Some versions say Bernardo Carpio is a giant, as supported by the enormous footsteps he has reputedly left behind in the mountains of Montalban. Others say he was the size of an ordinary man. However, all versions agree he had a strength that was similar to that of Hercules.
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They were described by the Greeks as being composite, with the heads of maidens and the bodies of birds. The wings of the harpies were composed of metal and their flight was accompanied by a terrible clanging noise. During his wanderings, AEneas, the Trojan hero, landed on the island of the harpies, where he and his followers vainly battled with these monsters. One of the harpies perched upon a cliff and there prophesied to AEneas that his attack upon them would bring dire calamity to the Trojans.
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AMONG ALL OF THE SEMETIC DEITIES WHICH ARE FOUND IN THE ARMENIAN PANTHEON, NONE HAS EVER ATTAINED THE IMPORTANCE OF "ASTGHIK", THE ARMENIAN GODDESS OF LOVE. AS THE LOVE GODDESS, SHE CORRESPONDS WITH THE GREEK, APHRODITE. ASTGHIK IS A DEITY OF MAIDENLY BEAUTY AND LOVE AS WELL AS WELL AS A RULER OF WATER SOURCES AND SPRINGS. THE ROSE IS HER FAVORITE FLOWER, AND IT IS SAID THAT SHE SPREADS HER LOVE AND FERTILITY BY SPRINKLING ROSE WATER ACROSS THE LAND. THE DOVE AMONG ALL OF THE BIRDS IS HER FAVORITE.
SHE WAS THE WIFE OR LOVER OF THE GOD, VAHAGN, THE GOD OF THUNDER AND LIGHTNING, AND IT IS SAID THAT SHE MET WITH HER LOVER IN HER TEMPLE LOCATED IN ASTISHAT. IN STILL ANOTHER TALE, IT SEEMS THAT ASTGHIK WAS IN THE HABIT OF BATHING IN A STREAM EVERY NIGHT. YOUNG MEN FROM A NEARBY VILLAGE, EAGER FOR A GLIMPSE OF THE BEAUTIFUL GODDESS, WOULD LIGHT A BIG FIRE ON A NEARBY HILL. BUT, ASTGHIK, WHO IMMEDIATELY SENSED THEIR PRESENCE, WOULD MODESTLY WRAP HERSELF IN THE MIST.
THE CELEBRATION WHICH HONORS HER IS CALLED VARTAVAR; IT OCCURS IN JUNE. IT IS STILL CELEBRATED IN ARMENIA BY SPRINKLING WATER ON EACH OTHER AND RELEASING DOVES IN HER HONOR. ROSES ARE OFFERED BY HER PETITIONERS. NO ONE IS ALLOWED TO FEEL OFFENDED OR DISPLEASED BY ANY OF THE MISCHIEF DONE ON THIS DAY.
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