"(THE RIVER LETHE)"
THERE ARE ACTUALLY TWO LETHES TO BE FOUND IN GREEK MYTHOLOGY--THE GODDESS AND THE RIVER. "LETHE" IS THE GREEK GODDESS OF OBLIVION; SHE IS THE PERSONIFICATION OF FORGETFULNESS AND CONCEALMENT. SHE IS THE DAUGHTER OF ERIS (STRIFE) AND THE SISTER OF THANATOS (DEATH), AND ACCORDING TO SOME SOURCES, SHE WAS THE MOTHER OF THE GRACES/CHARITIES. NOT MUCH IS KNOWN ABOUT THIS GODDESS, BUT ONE OF THE EARLIEST REFERENCES TO THIS LETHE COMES TO US FROM HESIOD IN HIS "THEOGONY."
..."BUT ABHORRED ERIS BARE PAINFUL PONOS (TOIL) AND LETHE (FORGETFULNESS."...
THE RIVER "LETHE" IS ALSO KNOWN AS THE "RIVER OF FORGETFULNESS AND IS ONE OF THE FIVE RIVERS OF THE GREEK UNDERWORLD THAT FLOW THROUGH HADES. THE RIVER LETHE HAS PLAYED AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN THE AFTERLIFE OF THE ANCIENT GREEKS. IT IS SAID THAT THE NEWLY DEAD WHO, UPON THEIR ARRIVAL IN HADES, DRANK OF THIS RIVER WOULD FORGET ALL ABOUT THEIR EARTHLY LIVES AND THEIR HOW THEY DIED. SOME ANCIENT GREEKS HELD THE BELIEF THAT SOULS WERE MADE TO DRINK FROM THE RIVER BEFORE BEING REINCARNATED SO THEY WOULD NOT REMEMBER THEIR PAST LIVES. HENCE, THE RIVER LETHE IS STRONGLY CONNECTED TO REINCARNATION.
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EIR (pronounced AIR) is the Norse Goddess of healing. She is one of Frigg's twelve handmaidens, and is also named in a list of the Valkyries. Eir was called upon for healing especially by women, and any woman who climbed the mountain on which she lived would return healed. Her name, which means "mercy," is also seen as EIL, EIRA, ERIA, and EYRA.
"EIR" IS A MASTER PHYSICIAN WHO WIELDS POWER IN THE HEALING OF THE MIND, BODY, AND SPIRIT. EIR KNOWS THE SECRET POWERS OF THE HERBS AND HAS EVEN BEEN KNOWN TO RESURRECT THE DEAD. SHE BESTOWS HEALING AND WISDOM ONLY TO WOMEN FOR IN SCANDINAVIA WOMEN DOMINATED THIS HONORABLE FIELD. SHE IS DEPICTED AS A BEAUTIFUL, SLENDER YOUNG WOMAN WITH REDDISH BLOND HAIR, BLUE EYES, AND FAIR SKIN.
IT IS SAID THAT SHE RESIDES ON MOUNT LYFIA (TO HEAL THROUGH MAGIC) WHERE SHE UTILIZES HER MANY MAGICAL AND NATURAL TECHNIQUES TO PROVIDE HELP TO THOSE IN NEED. SHE USES HERBS THAT SHE HAS GATHERED FROM ALL OVER THE WORLD AND HAD PREPARED MAGICALLY TO BIND WOUNDS AND CURE ILLNESSES. AS PATRONESS OF HEALTH CARE WORKERS AND HEALERS, SHE PREFERS, IN ADDICTION TO HERBS, GENTLE, HOLISTIC METHODS OF NATURAL HEALING SUCH AS FLOWER ESSENCES, FOLK MEDICINE, MASSAGE, NUTRITION, AND SHAMANIC SOUL RETRIEVAL.
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Bai-"Ulgen or "Ulgen is a Turkic and Mongolian creator-deity, usually distinct from Tengri but sometimes identified with him in the same manner as Helios and Apollo. His name is from Old Turkic bey, "rich", and "ulgen, "magnificent". Ulgan is thought to be without a beginning and an end. In Turkic and Mongolian mythology, the birch tree, regarded as a cosmic axis between earth and sky, was regarded as sacred to him, as was the horse (horse-sacrifice was a part of his worship). Ulgan symbolizes goodness, welfare, abundance, plenty of food, water, etc. Furthermore, he created earth, heaven and all living beings. In addition, he controls the atmosphere events and movements of stars. He creates land for people to live, humans' and animals' heads, and the rainbow. He was regarded as the patron god of shamans and the source of their knowledge. It is believed that Ulgan has been created from Tengri (Tengere Kayra Khan). He is the highest deity after Tengri. Sometimes, Ulgan is compared with Tengri and they are thought to be the same. In some sayings, Ulgan takes place of Tengri, but not completely. Ulgan is the enemy of Erlik who is the god of evil and darkness. Ulgen protects humankind against him. Ulgan has seven sons, named "Karakus, Karsit, Pura Kan, Burca Kan, Yasil Kan, Er Kanim, Bakti Kan", and nine daughters, named Akkizlar and Kiyanlar. His daughters are source of inspiration for shamans. Bai-Ulgan lives on the sixteenth floor of the sky above the stars, sun and moon in a golden house. People can never reach him, except shamans or kams. Animals are used for sacrifice to him, especially horses. Once in every third, sixth, ninth, or twelfth year, shamans sacrifice a white horse at the first step of reaching Ulgan. Then he accompanies its soul, penetrates through all the layers of heaven until he reaches Ulgan. Firstly, kam meets Yayik who is the servant of Ulgan. This deity informs the kam whether or not the offering has been accepted, and the shaman learns of impending dangers, such as bad harvests.
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CHALCHIUHTLICUE IS THE AZTEC GODDESS OF WATER, THE MOTHER OF THE LAKES, STREAMS, RIVERS, AND THE SEA. HER NAME MEANS "JADE SKIRT" OR "LADY OF THE PRECIOUS GREEN." SHE WAS UNIVERSALLY REVERED BY THE NAHUA PEOPLE SHE IS A FERTILITY DEITY WHO PRESIDES OVER THE BIRTH OF CHILDREN AND BLESSES THEM DURING THEIR FIRST BATH. IT IS SAID THAT DURING THE BIRTHING PROCESS AND THE ARRIVAL OF THE NEWBORN, THE MIDWIFE PERFORMS A SPECIAL CEREMONY WHICH INVOLVES THE MIDWIFE SHOUTING WAR CRIES IN HONOR OF THE BATTLE THE MOTHER HAD JUST FOUGHT IN GIVING BIRTH. THE CORD IS THEN CEREMONIOUSLY CUT WHILE THE MIDWIFE TELL BABY ALL ABOUT LIFE. THEN, DURING THE FIRST BATH, THE MIDWIFE TELLS THE BABY THE STORY OF CHALCHIUHTLICUE. IN MY OPINION, THIS IS REALLY A WONDERFUL CUSTOM.
CHALCHIUHTLICUE IS DEPICTED AS DRESSED IN CLOTHING WHICH IS DECORATED WITH WATER LILIES. TASSELS HANG DOWN FROM EITHER SIDE OF HER FACE. SHE HOLDS A RATTLE IN HER HANDS. SHE WAS THE PERSONIFICATION OF YOUTHFUL BEAUTY. TO THE PEOPLE, SHE WAS SEEN AS A FLOWING RIVER WHICH PRODUCED A PRICKLY PEAR TREE, THE SYMBOL OF THE HUMAN HEARTS THAT WERE SACRIFICED TO HER. IN AZTEC MYTHOLOGY, SHE IS THE CONSORT OF TLALOC, THE GOD OF THE SKY. HOWEVER, HE WAS DRIVEN AWAY BY QUESTZALCOALI; CHALCHIUHTLICUE WAS FURIOUS OVER THIS TURN OF EVENTS AND CAUSED VIOLENT FLOODS OVER THE EARTH AND ONLY THOSE WHO WERE TURNED TO FISH SURVIVED.
CHALCHIUHTLICUE WAS THE PATRON SAINT OF THE SEA AND THE VERACRUZ REGION OF THE GULF OF MEXICO. PEOPLE WHO MADE THEIR LIVING FROM THE WATER PRAYED TO HER CONSTANTLY. AN ANNUAL FEAST TO THIS GODDESS WAS ALWAYS A WELL-ATTENDED EVENT IN WHICH A SPECIAL SACRIFICE WAS MADE. SHRINES MADE TO HER WERE USUALLY BUILT NEAR STREAMS, AQUEDUCTS, AND IRRIGATION DITCHES.
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