CERES (pronounced SAIR-eez) is the Roman Goddess of agriculture and motherly love. She is the daughter of Saturn and Ops, and sister to Jupiter, Juno, Neptune, Pluto, and Vesta. She is often identified with the Greek Goddess Demeter, and her daughter Proserpina is identified with Demeter's daughter Persephone. Ceres, whose name means "create", is called on to ensure a plentiful harvest. She is usually portrayed with a basket of flowers or fruit and grain around her neck and in her hair. She is assisted by 12 minor Gods, whose roles comprise the entire process of growing and supplying grain: Vervactor who turns fallow land, Reparator who prepares fallow land, Imporcitor who plows with wide furrows, Insitor who sowed, Obarator who plowed the surface, Occator who harrowed, Sarritor who weeded, Subruncinator who thinned out, Messor who harvested, Conuector who carted, Conditor who stored, and Promitor who distributed.
Epithets for Ceres include FLAVA (golden, the color of grain), FRUGIFERA (bearer of crops), LARGA (abundant), FECUNDA (fecund), FERTILIS (fertile), GENETRIX FRUGUM (progenetress of the crops), MATER (mother), and POTENS FRUGUM (powerful in crops).
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COCAMAMA is the Incan Goddess of the coca plant. She is one of the daughters of Pachamama, the earth mother. She was originally a Goddess of joy and happiness, and she had many lovers. One of her lovers became jealous of the others and cut Cocamama in half. From her body, the first coca plants grew. Men were only allowed to chew the leaves after they had satisfied their women, in honor of Cocamama. Her name, which means "mother of the coca plant," is also seen as MAMACOCA or COCOMAMA.
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LITTLE IS KNOWN OF THE ORIGINS OF THIS GODDESS, BUT FROM THE MIDDLE KINGDOM ONWARD, "MUT", WHO REPRESENTS THE PRINCIPLE OF MOTHERHOOD IN ITS PUREST FORM, WAS WORSHIPPED AS THE "MOTHER OF THE GODS". SHE IS THE DIVINE MOTHER AND QUEEN OF THE GODS, AND THE EMBODIMENT OF THE UNIVERSAL MYSTERIES. SHE WAS ONE OF THE VERY FEW "GODDESSES" OF WHOM IT IS DECLARED THAT SHE WAS " NEVER BORN,," IE, THAT SHE WAS SELF-PRODUCED.
"MUT" IS SYMBOLIC OF MATERNAL LOVE AND PROTECTION. SHE TOOK THE FORM OF A SACRED CELESTIAL COW TO FILL THE ROLE OF "QUEEN OF HEAVEN". AT THEBES, SHE BECAME THE CHIEF CONSORT OF THE INVISIBLE ONE," AMUN RA," GOD OF THE AIR, AND THEIR YEARLY MARRIAGE WAS ONE OF THE GREAT ANNUAL CELEBRATIONS. SHE WAS THE MOTHER OF THE MOON GOD, "KHONSU. "
SHE IS REPRESENTED AS A MATURE WOMAN WITH A HEADDRESS IN THE FORM OF A VULTURE SURMOUNTED BY THE CROWNS OF UPPER AND LOWER EGYPT. THE VULTURE AS A HIEROGLYPHIC SIGN MEANS "MUT", OR "MOTHER". SHE IS SOMETIMES SEEN WITH TA SHEEP'S HEAD IN HONOR OF HER HUSBAND, AND IN OTHER PLACES WITH THE VULTURE'S OUTSTRETCHED WINGS GUARDING THE CRADLE OF THE NILE, THE SOURCE OF WHICH IS DEFENDED BY A SERPENT. "MUT" WAS ALSO DEPICTED AT THEBES WITH THE HEAD OF A LIONESS.
IT WAS AT" KARNAK" THAT SHE WAS MAINLY WORSHIPPED, WHERE A BEAUTIFUL TEMPLE WAS BUILT BY "AMENHETEP III " IN HER HONOR. THERE, SHE IS CALLED "THE LADY OF ASHER..."FROM THE NAME OF THAT PART OF THEBES WHERE HER TEMPLE STOOD. AT "LUXOR, "THERE STILL REMAINS A TEMPLE WITH A SACRED LAKE THAT WAS DEDICATED TO THIS GODDESS.
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