THE ORIGINS OF THE ROMAN GODDESS, "DIANA", ARE INTERTWINED WITH THE GREEK GODDESS, ARTEMIS. SHE WAS THE DAUGHTER OF JUPITER AND LATONA, AND THE TWIN SISTER OF APOLLO. SHE WAS THE PERPETUAL VIRGIN OF THE WOODLANDS AND THE FORESTS AND THE GUARDIAN OF ALL THAT IS WILD AND FREE. OAK GROVES WERE ESPECIALLY SACRED TO HER. SHE RECEIVED PRAISE FOR HER GREAT STRENGTH, HER BEAUTY, AND HER HUNTING SKILLS. SHE WAS OFTEN DEPICTED AS CARRYING A BOW AND ARROW AND SURROUNDED BY ANIMALS.
SHE WAS ALSO A MOON GODDESS, AND HER LATER EMANATIONS INCLUDED GODDESS OF THE MOON GROVE AND OF CHILDBIRTH. SHE WAS ALSO KNOWN FOR HER MAGICAL SKILLS AND PROTECTION OF WOMEN WHO PRACTICED THE MAGICKAL ARTS. HENCE, SOME CALLED HER THE "QUEEN OF THE WITCHES. "DIANA WAS THE PATRONESS OF THE SLAVES AND THE POOR. SHE LOVED MUSIC AND DANCING AND WAS SAID TO GRANT AN EASY CHILDBIRTH TO HER FAVORITES.
MALES WERE NOT ALLOWED INTO HER TEMPLES. THE MOST CELEBRATED OF HER SHRINES WAS LOCATED ON LAKE NEMI. HER ANCIENT CULTS WERE DIVERSE AND HIGHLY COMPLEX, AND HER PAGAN ASSOCIATIONS WERE VIEWED AS A THREAT BY CHRISTIANITY. THIS RESULTED IN HER BEING DENOUNCED AS A DEVIL GODDESS BY THE INQUISITION. HER ANNUAL FESTIVAL WAS HELD ON AUGUST 13TH.
"HYMN TO DIANA"
" QUEEN AND HUNTRESS, CHASTE AND FAIR, "
" NOW THE SUN IS LAID TO SLEEP, "
" SEATED IN THY SILVER CHAIR "
" STATE IN WONTED MANNER KEEP; "
" HESPERUS ENTREATS THY LIGHT, "
" GODDESS EXCELLENTLY BRIGHT. "
" EARTH, LET NOT THY ENVIOUS SHADE "
" DARE ITSELF TO INTERPOSE; "
" CYNTHIA`S SHINING ORB WAS MADE "
" HEAVEN TO CLEAR WHEN DAY DID CLOSE: "
" BLESS US THEN WITH WISHED SIGHT, "
" GODDESS EXCELLENTLY BRIGHT. "
" LAY THY BOW OF PEARL APART "
" AND THY CRYSTAL - SHINING QUIVER; "
" GIVE UNTO THE FLYING HART "
" SPACE TO BREATHE, HOW SHORT SOEVER: "
" THOU THAT MAK`ST A DAY OF NIGHT, "
" GODDESS EXCELLENTLY BRIGHT! "
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Chukwu is the infinitely powerful, undefinable, indefinable, absolute supreme deity encompassing everything in space and space itself, in traditional Igbo spiritual belief system and Igbo mythology. Linguistic studies of the Igbo language suggest that the name "Chukwu" is a portmanteau of the Igbo words "Chi" ("spiritual being") and "Ukwu" ("great in size"). In the Igbo pantheon, Chukwu is where the source other Igbo deities originate from and are assigned different tasks. The Igbo people believe that all things come from Chukwu including the deities who brings the rains necessary for plants to grow and controls everything on earth and the spiritual world.
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QUIRINA'LIA - was the religious holiday of Quirinus, the warlike, divine incarnation of Romulus, The festival was celebrated on the 17th of February, on which day Romulus ( Quirinus ) was said to have been carried up to heaven. It is also known as the Feast of Fools and was a day on which public sacrifice ( feria publica ) was offered and on which no assemblies could meet.
In Roman mythology, Quirinus was a mysterious god.
His name derives from"-"men together"; as such, he embodied the military and economic strength of the Roman populus collectively. He also watched over the "senate house" and tribal assembly", the names of which are cognate with his own. His name has also been connected with the Sabine word for spear "and to the Sabine town "Its inhabitants were called Quirites, a name that was transfered to the community of Sabines and Romans joined under Romulus; the Romans referred to themselves as "their civil entity and as "in their political and military capacity.
Quirinus was originally a Sabine god of storms and thunder. Sabines had a settlement near the future site of Rome, and they called one of their sites, in which they had erected an altar, the ("Quirinal Hill") after Quirinus; this area was later included among the Seven hills of Rome, and Quirinus became one of the most important gods of the state, as associated with Romulus.
Quirinus' wife was Hora. In art, he was portrayed as a bearded man with religious and military clothing. He was sometimes associated with the myrtle plant.
In the legend, Romulus was taken bodily up to heaven in a cloud and appeared afterward to Julius Proculus with the injunction that the Quirites should not mourn him but rather worship the new god Quirinus and cultivate their ancestral art of war. Quirinus was originally part of the archaic Roman triad, along with Jupiter and Mars. He was concerned with promoting the general welfare of the Roman people. The triad retained this focus even after Quirinus was replaced as its third member by the goddess Minerva, circa 200 BCE.
This was also a special day of devotion to those who lived on the Quirinal Hill, one of the seven hills of Rome, where the Sabine settlement was found. Also on this hill is the oldest shrine of Jupiter, the large gardens of Julius Caesar, Constantine's famous baths, a palace and garden for the Roman Catholic popes; it is currently the official residence and offices of the President of the Italian Republic.
This day was also known as the Feast of Fools ( Stultorum Festa ) and often coincided with the Festival of Fornax (the"), a goddess to whom they prayed to keep the oven heat right for the grain. This feast is thought to mark the transition of the Romans from warriors to farmer, learning through trial and error to properly grow, prepare and cook grain.
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"ANANKE" IS THE GREEK GODDESS OF ATTACHMENTS. SHE IS THE POWERFUL DEITY WHO RULES COMPULSION, CONSTRAINT, AND RESTRAINT, AND PRESIDES OVER ALL FORMS OF SLAVERY AND BOND, STARTING WITH THE BASIC NECESSITIES OF LIFE. SHE WAS THE PERSONIFICATION OF DESTINY, NECESSITY AND FATE, USUALLY DEPICTED AS HOLDING A SPINDLE. ANANKE MATERIALIZED AT BEGINNING OF THE COSMOS, ALONG WITH HER MATE, CHRONOS. BECAUSE SHE WAS SEEN AS THE MOST POWERFUL DICTATOR OF ALL FATE AND CIRCUMSTANCE, THE OTHER GODS HAD TO GIVE HER RESPECT AND PAY HOMAGE AS WELL AS THE MORTALS. SHE WAS ALSO THE MOTHER OF THE MOIRAE, THE THREE FATES WHO WERE FATHERED BY ZEUS.
WHEN SOMEONE IS CAST INTO PRISON, OR FASTENED BY CHAINS, IT IS HER NAME THAT IS EVOKED FOR SHE IS BEHIND ALL BONDS AND HAS A SHARE EVEN IN THE TIES OF KINSHIP, FRIENDSHIP AND LOVE. BECAUSE HER DOMINION IS EXPERIENCED MAINLY IN THE PHYSICAL WORLD, SHE HAS, THEREFORE, BEEN HELD RESPONSIBLE FOR THE UGLINESS OF ALL VIOLENT DEALINGS DERIVING FROM HER COMPELLING POWER. ACCORDINGLY, HER RULE IS FOUGHT AGAINST VIOLENTLY BY IGNORANCE, AND WHEN THIS OCCURS, NEW NECESSARY BONDS MAY APPEAR AS A RESULT.
"ANANKE" WAS WORSHIPPED UNTIL THE CREATION OF THE ORPHIC MYSTERIY RELIGION, AND IT IS THROUGH THE LONG PROCESS OF THE ORPHIC MYSTERIES CULT, IT TRANSPIRES THAT "ANANKE", SYMBOLIZING DESTINY AND THE INEVITABLE, FELL GRADUALLY INTO OBLIVION, UNTIL FINALLY, SHE WAS REPLACED BY THE GOD, EROS,THE GOD OF LOVE AND THE FORCE OPPOSING FATE AND DEATH
"THERE IS A LAW OF STERN NECESSITY,"THE IMMEMORIAL ORDINANCE OF THE GODS"MADE FAST FOR EVER, BRAVELY SWORN AND SEALED:"SHOULD ANY SPIRIT, BORN TO ENDURING LIFE,"BE FOULED WITH SIN OF SLAUGHTER, OR TRANSGRESS"BY DISPUTATION, PERJURED AND FORSWORN,"THREE TIMES TEN THOUSAND YEARS THAT SOUL SHALL WANDER"AN OUTCAST FROM FELICITY, CONDEMNED"TO MORTAL BEING, AND IN DIVERSE SHAPES"WITH INTERCHANGE OF HARDSHIP GO HIS WAYS."THE HEAVENS FORCE HIM HEADLONG TO THE SEA;"AND VOMITED FROM THE SEA, DRY LAND RECEIVES HIM,"BUT FLINGS UNWANTED TO THE BURNING SUN;"FROM THERE, TO THE HEAVENLY VORTEX BACKWARD THROWN,"HE MAKES FROM HOST TO HOST, BY ALL ABHORRED."(EMPEDOCLES, C. 493-C. 433 BC)"
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