NEMESIS was the personification of divine justice and the vengeance of the gods, sometimes called the daughter of Night. She represented the righteous anger of the gods against the proud and haughty and against breakers of the law; she distributed good or bad fortune to all mortals. No one could escape her power.
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Nemesis has been described as the daughter of Oceanus or Zeus, but according to Hesiod she was a child of Erebus and Nyx. She has also been described as the daughter of Nyx alone. Her cult may have originated at Smyrna.
In some metaphysical mythology, Nemesis produced the egg from which hatched two sets of twins: Helen of Troy and Clytemnestra, and the Dioscuri, Castor and Pollux. While many myths indicate Zeus and Leda to be the parents of Helen of Troy, the author of the compilation of myth called Bibliotheke notes the possibility of Nemesis being the mother of Helen; Nemesis, to avoid Zeus, turns into a goose, but he turns into a swan and mates with her. Nemesis in her bird form lays an egg that is discovered in the marshes by a shepherd, who passes the egg to Leda. It is in this way that Leda comes to be the mother of Helen, as she kept the egg in a chest until it hatched.
Invidia (sometimes called Pax-Nemesis) was also worshipped at Rome by victorious generals, and in imperial times was the patroness of gladiators and of the venatores, who fought in the arena with wild beasts, and was one of the tutelary deities of the drilling-ground (Nemesis campestris). Invidia was sometimes, but rarely, seen on imperial coinage, mainly under Claudius and Hadrian. In the 3rd century AD there is evidence of the belief in an all-powerful Nemesis-Fortuna. She was worshipped by a society called Hadrian's freedman. The poet Mesomedes wrote a hymn to Nemesis in the early 2nd century CE, where he addressed her:
Nemesis, winged balancer of life,
dark-faced goddess, daughter of Justice,
and mentioned her "adamantine bridles" that restrain "the frivolous insolences of mortals."
In early times the representations of Nemesis resembled Aphrodite, who herself sometimes bears the epithet Nemesis. Later, as the maiden goddess of proportion and the avenger of crime, she has as attributes a measuring rod (tally stick), a bridle, scales, a sword and a scourge, and rides in a chariot drawn by griffins.
Nemesis is also known to have been called by the name "Adrastia." Ammianus Marcellinus includes her in a digression on Justice following his description of the death of Gallus Caesar.
Nemesis's anger was seen as directed chiefly toward those guilty of arrogance (Hubris), particularly human arrogance towards the gods and their laws. Nemesis pursued the insolent and the wicked with inflexible vengeance. Her cult probably originated from Smyrna. She was described by Greek writers as the daughter of Oceanus or Zeus, but according to Hesiod she was a child of Erebus and Nyx.In English the meaning of the word nemesis has changed somewhat. It now usually means an ultimate or unbeatable enemy, as in the phrase "to meet one's nemesis." The sense of nemesis being a just punishment for hubris has generally been lost.
Janus Lacinius Therapus - The New Pearl Of Great Price.pdf
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IT IS ALMOST AUTUMNM NOW, AND ALMOST TIME FOR ERCE TO EMPTY HER BURLAP BAG FILLED WITH CORN INTO THE WHEELBARROW. THEN, AFTER A QUICK DRINK OVER AT THE WELL IN THE CHRYSANTHEMUM GARDEN, SHE WILL TOSS HER SACK BACK OVER HER SHOULDER AND HEAD OFF INTO THE WHEAT FIELD TO GATHER MORE CROPS. SHE IS WORSHIPPED AS THE TRIPLE GODDESS, AND HER NAME CAN BE CHANTED AS AN INVOCATION TO THE EARTH.
INVITE ERCE TO YOUR HARVEST FESTIVALS, AND ALLOW HER TO LEND HER AID TO EARTH MAGICK.
"ERCE, ERCE, ERCE,"MOTHER OF EARTH,
"HAIL TO THEE, ERCE,"MOTHER OF MEN.
MOTHER EARTH,"BE FRUITFUL NOW,"
"FIELDS GROWING AND THRIVING"
"INCREASING AND STRENGTHENING,"
"TALL STEMS AND FINE CROPS,"
"BOTH THE BREAD BARLEY"
"AND THE FAIR WHEAT,"
"ANE ALL OF THE CROPS OF THE EARTH."
"HALE MAY YOU BE, EARTH, MOTHER OF MORTALS!"
"GROW PREGNANT IN THE EMBRACE OF GOD,"
"FILLED WITH FOOD FOR MORTALS' USE."
- SECOND MERSEBURG CHARM, ENGLAND -
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Minona became caretaker of women and imparts fertility to women and the earth. In a sense, She is "Mother Earth" herself. She has no temples or public shrines. Instead, women create altars in their homes in Her honor, with offerings of fresh fruits.
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Latobius (Mars Latobius Marmocius) is a Gaulish god known from six inscriptions found at two sites in Austria. He seems to be a god of high places of the 'Father of the Tribe' type and was the tutelary deity of the Latobici tribe.
Latobius is a deity known from six inscriptions found at two sites in Austria. These comes from St Paul (CIL III 05097 and 05098; SE 1929, 35 and 38), and Seckau (CIL III 05321) and CIL III 05320, which reads: MARTI LATOBIO MARMOGIO SINATI TOUTATI Mog[ET]IO C VAL [V]ALERINVS EX VOTO (To Mars Latobius Marmogius, Sinatis, Toutatis and Mogetius; Caius Valerius Valerianus ofers this in fulfilment of a vow). This having been found in the temple complex of the site which is on the Frauenberg. It is interestng that Latobius is invoked along with Sinatis, Teutates and Mogetius, all deities of the 'father of the tribe' type and also gods of high places. The image (above, left) ascribed to Mars Latobius was discovered in 1973 in the ruins of the former Roman city of Flavia Solva, sited close to modern-day Leibnitz in Austria. Though the statue appears to be that of a gladiator, he does posess the crested helm and spear (pilum) or fighting staff of Roman Mars as well as the shield resting against his left leg and the gladius sword (which is sometimes replaced by a fighting staff) in his left hand; all attributes of Latobius.
Latobius is a deity associated with the Vendic kingdom of Noricum in the Eastern Alps, which became voluntarily associated with the Roman Empire in 16 BCE. The origin of the Vends is still a matter of contention; however Caesar's writings indicates that they spoke a Celtic language virtually identical to Gaulish. Whether or not the people of Noricum can be considered as 'Gauls' they were speakers of a Celtic language and therefore Celts; thus Latobius was a Celtic deity (for more on Noricum and its origins see the entry on Noreia). A temple dedicated to Latobius was discovered on the site of present-day St Margarethen, Lavamuund, Austria in which was found an altar base bearing the inscription fragment: Latobivs Avgvstvs (To the Great Latobius). A further rather intriguing inscription from this selfsame sanctuary reads: Latobius Sacr[um] C[aius] Speratius Vibus et Valeria Avia pro incolumitate filior[um] suor[um] voto suscepto navale[m aedem] vetustate conlapsum restituer[unt] VSLM (Consecrated to the god Latobius, Caius Speratius Vibus and Valeria Avita, on behalf of the safety of their children, undertake the restoration of this ship temple, decayed with age. Willingly and deservedly they fulfil their vow.) This site also provided the base of a statue dedicated to Mars Latobius which has been reconstructed (above right) based on a further image recovered at Magdalensberg. At the Magdalensberg site a further clay statuette of a boatman (above left) was also uncovered. As the site itself seems to be dedicated to Latobius is has been proposed that this votive offering also represents the deity. This might provide a link to the dedication of Latobius' shrine at St Margarethen as the navale[m aedem] (Naval Sanctuary). Such a dedication seems peculiar in a land-locked realm and it may refer to an aspect of Latobius as the 'ferryman of the dead'.
Latobius was, undoubtedly the tutelary deity of the Latobici, one of the lesser two of the four main Norican tribes and though his assimilation with Roman Mars would indicate that he was a martial deity, it seems likely that he was also held as a tribal protector. This supposition gains some support from the deity's name which has been interpreted as meaning 'He who is most ardent' from the reconstructed proto-Celtic root *l?to- (furour, ardour) and the reconstructed proto Indo-European root *bhad- (best) and his second epithet of Marmocius has been interpreted as meaning 'The Large and Powerful' from reconstructed proto-Celtic roots *maro- (large) and *kom-okti- (power, wealth). Both epithets would indicate that Latobius is a deity of the 'Father of the Tribe' type; both protecting the tribe and supplying them with wealth. The possible role of Latobius as a Charon-like figure need not be incompatible with his role as a martial deity, for a warrior is well-placed to convey the spirits of the dead to the other side. Thus Latobius could have been considered as a protector both in life and in death.
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