DURGA is the Hindu Goddess of war. She is the first of the Hindu Great Goddesses, formed by the female energies of the original male deities. A fearful demon, Mahishasura, had grown so powerful that he could not be defeated by God or man. Only the combined force of Shakti, the female aspect of the male Gods, would be able to triumph over Mahishasura. Knowing this, the Gods joined together to form the Goddess they called Durga. Each contributed part of their magic to her creation-Shiva created her face, Chandra (the moon God) formed her breasts, Indra her torso, Vishnu her ten arms, Varuna (God of oceans) her legs and thighs, Brahma her feet, Agni (God of fire) her three eyes, and Vayu (God of wind) her ears. The Gods also gave her divine weapons with which to fight-a trident, a disc, a conch shell, a spear, a bow and arrows, a thunderbolt, a bell, a sword, a shield, an axe, armor, and a lion to ride on.
Armed with the power of the Gods, Durga rode out to meet Mahishasura. The demon was able to change forms, and each time it appeared that Durga had him defeated, he would change and his vigor would be renewed. Throughout the battle, Durga remained calm and untroubled. Finally, after 9 days of fighting, she beheaded the demon, and peace was restored.
Durga's name means "the inaccessible", and is one of the 108 Names of Durga, used as a prayer or meditation:
DURGA (The Inaccessible)
DEVI (The Deity)
TRIBHUVANESHWARI (Goddess of The Three Worlds)
YASHODAGARBA SAMBHOOTA (Emerging From Yashoda's Womb)
NARAYANAVARAPRIYA (Fond of Narayana's Boons)
NANDAGOPAKULAJATA (Daughter Of The Nandagopa Race)
MANGALYA (Auspicious)
KULAVARDHINI (Developer Of The Race)
KAMSAVIDRAVANAKARI (Threatened Kamsa)
ASURAKSHAYAMKARI (Reducer Of The Number Of Demons)
SHILATHATA VINIKSHIBDA (At Birth, Slammed By Kamsa)
AKASHAGAMINI (Flew In The Sky)
VASUDEVABHAGINI (Sister Of Vasudeva)
DIVAMALYA VIBHOOSHITA (Adorned With Beautiful Garlands)
DIVYAMBARADHARA (Beautifully Robed)
KHADGAKETAKA DHARINI (Holder Of Sword And Shield)
SHIVA (Auspicious)
PAPADHARINI (Bearer Of Others' Sins)
VARADA (Granter Of Boons)
KRISHNA (Sister Of Krishna)
KUMARI (Young Girl)
BRAHMACHARINI (Seeker Of Brahman)
BALARKASADRUSHAKARA (Like The Rising Sun)
PURNACHANDRA NIBHANANA (Beautiful Like The Full Moon)
CHATURBHUJA (Four-Armed)
CHATURVAKTTRA (Four-Faced)
PEENASHRONI PAYODHARA (Large Bosomed)
MAYOORA PICHHAVALAYA (Wearer Of Peacock-Feathered Bangles)
KEYURANGADADHARINI (Bejewelled With Armlets And Bracelets)
KRISHNACHHAVISAMA (Like Krishna's Radiance)
KRISHNA (Dark-Complexioned)
SANKARSHANASAMANANA (Equal To Sankarshana)
INDRADHWAJA SAMABAHUDHARINI (With Shoulders Like Indra's Flag)
PATRADHARINI (Vessel-Holder)
PANKAJADHARINI (Lotus-Holder)
KANTTADHARA (Holder of Shiva's Neck)
PASHADHARINI (Holder Of Rope)
DHANURDHARINI (Holder Of Bow)
MAHACHAKRADHARINI (Holder Of Chakra)
VIVIDAYUDHADHARA (Bearer Of Various Weapons)
KUNDALAPURNAKARNA VIBHOOSHITA (Wearer Of Earrings Covering The Ears)
CHANDRAVISPARDIMUKHA (Beautiful Like The Moon)
MUKUTAVIRAJITA (Shining With Crown Adorned)
SHIKHIPICHHADWAJA VIRAJITA (Having Peacock-Feathered Flag)
KAUMARAVRATADHARA (Observer Of Fasts Like Young Girls Do)
TRIDIVABHAVAYIRTRI (Goddess Of The Three Worlds)
TRIDASHAPUJITA (The Goddess Of The Celestials)
TRAILOKYARAKSHINI (Protector Of The Three Worlds)
MAHISHASURANASHINI (Destroyer Of Mahisha)
PRASANNA (Cheerful)
SURASHRESHTTA (Supreme Among The Celestials)
SHIVA (Shiva's Half)
JAYA (Victorious)
VIJAYA (Conqueror)
SANGRAMAJAYAPRADA (Granter Of Victory In The War)
VARADA (Bestower)
VINDHYAVASINI (Resident Of The Vindhyas)
KALI (Dark-Complexioned)
KALI (Goddess Of Death)
MAHAKALI (Wife Of Mahakala)
SEEDUPRIYA (Fond Of Drinks)
MAMSAPRIYA (Fond Of Flesh)
PASHUPRIYA (Fond Of All Beings)
BHOOTANUSHRUTA (Well-Wisher Of Bhootaganas)
VARADA (Bestower)
KAMACHARINI (Acting On One's Own Accord)
PAPAHARINI (Destroyer Of Sins)
KIRTI (Famed)
SHREE (Auspicious)
DHRUTI (Valiant)
SIDDHI (Successful)
HRI (Holy Chant Of Hymns)
VIDHYA (Wisdom)
SANTATI (Granter Of Issues)
MATI (Wise)
SANDHYA (Twilight)
RATRI (Night)
PRABHA (Dawn)
NITYA (Eternal)
JYOTSANA (Radiant Like Flames)
KANTHA (Radiant)
KHAMA (Embodiment Of Forgiveness)
DAYA (Compassionate)
BANDHANANASHINI (Detacher Of Attachments)
MOHANASHINI (Destroyer Of Desires)
PUTRAPAMRITYUNASHINI (Sustainer Of Son's Untimely Death)
DHANAKSHAYANASHINI (Controller Of Wealth Decrease)
VYADHINASHINI (Vanquisher Of Ailments)
MRUTHYUNASHINI (Destroyer Of Death)
BHAYANASHINI (Remover Of Fear)
PADMAPATRAKSHI (Eyes Like The Lotus Leaf)
DURGA (Remover Of Distress)
SHARANYA (Granter Of Refuge)
BHAKTAVATSALA (Lover Of Devotees)
SAUKHYADA (Bestower Of Well-Being)
AROGYADA (Granter Of Good Health)
RAJYADA (Bestower Of Kingdom)
AYURDA (Granter Of Longevity)
VAPURDA (Granter Of Beautiful Appearance)
SUTADA (Granter Of Issues)
PRAVASARAKSHIKA (Protector Of Travelers)
NAGARARAKSHIKA (Protector Of Land)
SANGRAMARAKSHIKA (Protector Of Wars)
SHATRUSANKATA RAKSHIKA (Protector From Distress Caused By Foes)
ATAVIDUHKHANDHARA RAKSHIKA (Protector From Ignorance And Distress)
SAGARAGIRIRAKSHIKA (Protector Of Seas And Hills)
SARVAKARYASIDDHI PRADAYIKA (Granter Of Success In All Attempts)
DURGA (Deity Durga)
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THE THREE "ERINNEYES "OR "FURIES "ARE AMONG THE MOST ANCIENT AND FEARSOME OF THE GREEK GODDESSES; THESE ARE THE GODDESSES WHO AVENGED THE CRIMES AGAINST THE NATURAL ORDER OF THINGS. THEY RESIDE IN THE UNDERWORLD. WE FIND THEM IN MANY OF THE EARLY CREATION MYTHS, LONG BEFORE THE ZEUS CYCLE. THUS, IT IS ASSUMED THAT THE ERINNEYES ROSE WITH TITANS FROM A UNION BETWEEN AIR AND MOTHER EARTH. SOME SAY THEY AROSE FROM THE BLOOD OF THE MUTILATED URANUS (OURANOS) AND OTHERS SAY THEY ARE THE DAUGHTER OF NYX (NIGHT).
WHOEVER BE THEIR PARENTS, THEY ARE A TRINITY OF DARK GODDESSES WHO PUNISH THE WICKED ON EARTH AS WELL AS IN THE UNDERWORLD. THEY ARE PARTICULARLY AGGRESSIVE AGAINST MURDERERS...ESPECIALLY THE MURDER OF A MOTHER BY HER SON....AS WELL AS CRIMES AGAINST THE GODS AND PERJURY. THE WRATH OF THE ERINNEYES MANIFESTED ITSELF IN MANY WAYS; THE MOST SEVERE OF THESE WAS THE INSANITY INFLICTED UPON THOSE WHO SLAY THEIR PARENTS.
THERE WERE THREE ERINNEYES. THEY ARE:
TSIPHONE--THE AVENGER OF MURDER OR RETALIATION
MEGARA--THE JEALOUS ONE
ALECTO--THE UNRESTING
AS PROTECTORS OF THE RIGHTS OF THE MATRIARCHAL BLOOD LINE, THEY DID NOT FARE VERY WELL WITH THE CHANGE TO A MORE PATRIARCHAL SOCIETY...AND BECAUSE THEY WERE SO ANCIENT AND SO DEEPLY WOVEN INTO THE HEARTS OF THE PEOPLE, IT WAS MUCH EASIER TO TO TRANSFORM THEM INTO THE KINDLY EUMENIDES, AN EARLIER TRIAD OF GODDESSES FROM THE UNDERWORLD WHO PUSHED EDIBLE PLANTS THROUGH THE GROUND AS GIFTS TO HUMANITY. FROM THEN ON, IT WAS THE ERINNEYES WHO CONTROLLED THE FORCES OF GROWTH THAT WORKED IN THE PLANT KINGDOM FROM BELOW. THUS, THEY WERE ABLE TO REMAIN AS FEMININE EARTH FORCES RATHER THAN THE MASCULINE FORCES WORKING FROM ABOVE IN THE SUNLIGHT.
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"MARICA" IS THE ROMAN GODDESS OF RIVERS; SHE WAS ASSOCIATED WITH THE SWAMPS, MARSHES, AND BOGS OF ASSOCIATED WITH HER AREA AS WELL AS THE ANIMALS WHO MAKE THEIR HOME THERE. HER NAME HAS BEEN CONNECTED WITH THE OCEAN ALTHOUGH THE WORD HAS ALSO BEEN LINKED TO THE MARSH. BY SOME SHE IS CONSIDERED TO BE THE SAME AS "CIRCE", THE DAUGHTER OF THE SUN. SHE IS A POWERFUL SORCERESS AND PROPHETESS, HER SPELLS AND HERB CRAFT ARE CAPABLE OF AFFECTING BOTH MEN AND GODS.
THE "MINTURNESIAN GROVE", CLOSE TO THE MOUTH OF THE "RIVER LIRIS", WAS DEDICATED TO THE RURAL "GODDESS MARICA". IT WAS DEEMED SO SACRED THAT NO STRANGER WAS ADMITTED WITHIN ITS PRECINCTS, AND ANY OBJECT TAKEN INTO IT, COULD NEVER BE REMOVED. ALTHOUGH ALL SIGNS OF A GROVE HAVE DISAPPEARED, THE FOUNDATIONS OF THE TEMPLE CAN STILL BE SEEN RISING ABOVE THE SURROUNDING MARSH.
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NIRRTI is the Hindu Goddess of destruction and death. She dwells in desolate places, watching for people who are hungry or in mourning. She wears dark clothes and has messy hair. Offerings to Nirrti are often black, such as black grain and stones, or diseased and malformed animals, and were usually intended to keep her away from rituals rather than to invite her to join in. As time went on, Nirrti was given male attributes as well as female, and thus also became associated with "third sex" and transgender people. Nirrti's name means "destruction."
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