CHUMA is the Slavic Goddess of death. She is the daughter of Veles, God of cattle and the Underworld. Chuma is depicted as a pale woman with white hair, dressed in a white gown. She carries a pair of silver scissors and a birchwood staff. The scissors she uses to cut the thread of life, and she gives the staff to the dead to help them on their way to the Underworld. Although Chuma is a Goddess of death, she is generally seen as a benign presence, and is called on by those who are dying to bring them a peaceful end. Chuma's name, which means "plague," is also seen as TSHUMA.
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Long ago in an age before which
there was nothing else,
the Victorious One, the Tathagata Dundubhisvara
came into existence and was known as the Light
of the Various Worlds.
The Princess "Moon of Wisdom"
had the highest respect for his teaching,
and for ten million, one hundred thousand years,
made offerings to this Enlightened One,
to his attendant Sravakas,
and to countless members of the Sangha of Bodhisattvas.
The offerings she prepared each day
were in value comparable to all the precious things
which filled a distance of twelve yojanas
in each of the ten directions,
leaving no intermediate spaces unfilled.
Finally after all this
she awoke to the first concepts of Bodhi-Mind.
At that time some monks said to her:
"It is as a result of these,
your roots of virtuous actions,
that you have come into being in this female form.
If you pray that your deeds accord with the teachings,
then indeed on that account you will change your form
to that of a man, as is befitting."
After much discourse she finally replied,
"In this life there is no such distinction
as "male" and "female,"
neither of "self-identity,"
a "person"
nor any perception,
and therefore attachment to ideas
of "male" and "female"
is quite worthless.
The weak-minded are always deluded by this."
And so she vowed:
"There are many who wish to gain enlightenment
in a man's form,
and there are but few who wish to work
for the welfare of living beings
in a female form.
Therefore may I, in a female body,
work for the welfare of beings
right until Samsara has been emptied."
"- BY TIBETAN LAMA TARANATHA (B 1573 CE)"
(JNANACHANDRA WAS AN EARLY NAME FOR TARA - A BUDDHIST DEITY)
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Brigit was one of the great Triple Goddesses of the Celtic people. She appeared as Brigit to the Irish, Brigantia in Northern England, Bride in Scotland, and Brigandu in Brittany. Many legends are told about Brigit. Some say that there are three Brigits : one sister in charge of poetry and inspiration who invented the Ogham alphabet, one in charge of healing and midwifery, and the third in charge of the hearth fire, smithies and other crafts. This catually indicates the seperate aspects of her Threefold nature and is a neat division of labor for a hard-working goddess.
Brigit was probably originally a Sun Goddess, and a charming story of her birth is that she was born at sunrise and a tower of flame burst from the forehead of the new born Goddess that reached from Earth to Heaven. It was likely She who inspired the line in the famous Song of Amergin: "I AM A FIRE IN THE HEAD." Her penchant for smithcraft led to her association by the Romans with Minerva/
Athena. As a warrior Goddess, She favored the use of the spear or the arrow.
Indeed, various interpetations of her name exist including, "BRIGHT ARROW, The Bright One, THE POWERFUL ONE" and "THE HIGH ONE," depending upon the region and the dialect.
As a Goddess of herbalism, midwifery and healing She was in charge of Water as well as Fire. I don't believe that anyone has ever counted all the vast number of sacred wells and springs named after or dedicated to this Goddess. A story is told of how two lepers came to one of her sacred springs for healing and She instructed one Leper to wash the other. The skin of the freshly bathed man was cleansed of the disease and Brigit told the man who was healed to wash the man who had bathed him so that both men would be whole. The man who was healed was now too disgusted to touch the other Leper and would have left him, but Brigit herself washed the leper and struck down the other arrogant fellow with leprosy once more before he could leave. Offerings to the watery Brigit were cast into the well in the form of coins or, even more ancient, brass or gold rings. Other sacrifices were offered where three streams came together. Her cauldron of Inspiration connected her watery healing aspect with her fiery poetic aspect.
Brigit is clearly the best example of the survival of a Goddess into Christian times. She was canonized by the Catholic church as St. Brigit and various origins are given to this saint. The most popular folktale is that She was midwife to the Virgin Mary, and thus was always invoked by women in labor. The more official story was that She was a Druid's daughter who predicted the coming of Christianity and then was baptized by St. Patrick. She became a nun and later an abbess who founded the Abbey at Kildare. The Christian Brigit was said to have had the power to appoint the bishops of her area, a strange role for an abbess, made stranger by her requirement that her bishops also be practicing goldsmiths.
Actually, the Goddess Brigit had always kept a shrine at Kildare, Ireland, with a perpetual flame tended by nineteen virgin priestesses called Daughters of the Flame. No male was ever allowed to come near it; nor did those women ever consort with men. Even their food and other supplies were brought to them by women of the nearby village. When Catholicism took over in Ireland, the shrine became a convent and the priestesses became nuns but the same traditions were held and the eternal flame was kept burning. Their tradition was that each day a different priestess/nun was in charge of the sacred fire and on the 20th day of each cycle, teh fire was miraculously tended by Brigit Herself. There into the
18th century, the ancient song was sung to her : "BRIGIT, EXCELLENT WOMAN, SUDDEN FLAME, MAY THE BRIGHT FIERY SUN TAKE US TO THE LASTING KINGDOM."
For over a thousand years, the sacred flame was tended by nuns, and no one knows how long before that it had been tended by the priestesses. In 1220 CE, a Bishop became angered by the no-males policy of the Abbey of St. Brigit of Kildare. He insisted that nuns were subordinate to priests and therefore must open their abbey and submit themselves to inspection by a priest. When they refused and asked for another Abbess or other female official to perform any inspections, the Bishop was incensed. He admonished them to obedience and then decreed that the keeping of the eternal flame was a Pagan custom and
6rdered the sacred flame to be extinguished. Even then, She remained the most popular Irish saint along with Patrick. In the 1960's, under Vatican II modernization, it was declared that there was insufficient proof of Brigit's sanctity or even of her historical existence, and so the Church's gradual pogrom against Brigit was successful at last and She was thus decanonized. It is very difficult to obtain images or even holy cards of ST. Brigit outside of Ireland anymore.
Her festival is held on February 1st or 2nd. It corresponds to the ancient Celtic fire festival of Imbolc or Oimelc which celebrated the birthing and freshening of sheep and goats (IT REALLY IS A FEAST OF MILK). This festival was Christianized as Candlemas or Lady Day and Her Feast day, La Feill Bhride, was attended by tremendous local celebration and elaborate rituals. Her festival is also called Brigit. Brigit (THE GODDESS AND THE FESTIVAL) represents the stirring of life again after the dead months of the winter, and her special blessings are called forth at this time. Since She was booted out of the Church for being Pagan, it is incumbent upon us Pagans to restore Her worship to its former glory especially those of us of Celtic ancestry. Here is an ancient rite to invite Brigit into your home at the time of her Holiday:
Clean your hearth thoroughly in the morning and lay a fire without kindling it, then make yourself a "BED FOR BRIGID" and place it near the hearth. The bed can be a small basket with covers and tiny pillow added as plain or fancy as you like. If you have no hearth, you can use the stove and put the bed behind it. Then at sundown light a candle rubbed with rosemary oil and invite Brigit into your home and into her bed; use the candle to kindle your hearthfire if possible. Make your own poem to invite Her or use the ancient song mentioned earlier. Let the candle burn at least all night in a safe place. You might even want to begin the custom of keeping the eternal flame; it is a popular custom in some magickal and Wiccan traditions. After all, it's up to us now to keep the spirit of Brigit alive and well for the next thousand years at least!
Brigid is not really a Celtic Mother Goddess. She is generally considered a Goddess of fire/smithcraft, of poetry and of healing. One of her roles is as midwife, but although she has a son, she is not usually seen as a mother.
I don't know any books that deal specifically with Brighidh, but please look for a book called "CELTIC MYTHOLOGY" by Proinsias MacCana and for "GODS AND HEROES OF THE CELTS" by Marie Lousie Sjoestadt for more information about Celtic deities.
They are both VERY good sources.
Brighidh is a Goddess of healing, smithcraft and poetry, brewer of mead and ale, a lawgiver, a midwife, supposedly daughter of the Daghda, mother of the poet Cairbre, and of the Gods Brian, Iuchar and Iucharba. She was transformed into a Christian Saint and became the foster mother of Christ. Some sources say that the healer/smith/poet were embodied in one Goddess, other sources claim that she was three sisters, all named Brighidh.
Her holy day falls (ON OUR CALENDAR) on February 2nd (I WONDER IF SHE LIKES GROUNDHOGS...) called Imbolc, Oimelc or Lady Day. Candles are blessed that day in the Catholic churches.
By: Ido
To: Teakan
Re: Somethnig about Brighid:
Brigit/Brigid/Bride was the daughter of Dagda. She was the protector of the poets, the forge and the healing persons. Her son Ruadan, which she had with Bres, was killed by Goibnui. For her died son she sounds the first kenning of Eireland. She also was put into the cult and the person of Brigit from Kildare, which made the first female parish after Christianity falls into Eireland. The convent of Kildare has had a neverending fire, which was protected by the sisters of the parish. The saint Brigit is the second patron saint of Eireland. within the scottish tradition Brigit belongs together with the time of the year
"SEASON OF THE LAMBS" and the comming of spring. Brigit overcomes the control of the Cailleach Bheur.
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"LIFE IS SHORT AND THE ART OF HEALING IS LONG." HIPPOCRATES
HYGEIA IS THE GREEK GODDESS OF HEALTH. IN FACT, TO THE GREEKS, SHE PERSONIFIED HEALTH, WELL BEING, AND WHOLENESS. SHE WAS ORIGINALLY THE GUARDIAN OF PHYSICAL HEALTH ONLY, BUT LATER SHE BECAME THE GODDESS OF MENTAL HEALTH AS WELL..BOTH OF PEOPLE AND ANIMALS. HYGEIA WAS THE DAUGHTER OF THE HEALING GOD, AESCULAPIUS AND EPIONE, THE BELOVED GODDESS OF SOOTHING OF PAIN. SHE IS THE SISTER OF PANACEA AND IASO (RECOVERY). SHE WAS OFTEN PRESENTED AS YOUTHFUL, RADIANT, AND SMILING...ALL ATTRIBUTES OF GOOD HEALTH. HER WORSHIP PROBABLY BEGAN IN THE 7TH CENTURY BC. HER PRIMARY TEMPLES WERE IN EPIDAURUS, CORINTH, COS, AND TIMOTHEOS.
HYGEIA ADVISED THAT EVERYONE SHOULD EAT HEALTHY DIET, REST, AND PRACTICE CLEANLINESS...BASICALLY GOO PREVENTATIVE MEDICINE; IT IS FROM HER THAT WE GET OUR WORD "HYGIENE. "IT WAS BECAUSE OF HER EMPHASIS ON THAT SHE WAS ALSO REGARDED AS THE GODDESS OF CLEANLINESS AND SANITATION. AS A MATTER OF FACT, HYGEIA IS CREDITED WITH THE USE OF SOAP AND WATER FOR WASHING AND PURIFICATION. BECAUSE OF HER INVOLVEMENT WITH MENTAL HEALTH, HER PRIESTESSES ALSO PRESIDED OVER DREAM RITUALS IN WHICH THE PATIENTS WOULD SLEEP IN HER TEMPLE IN THE HOPES OF HAVING A HEALING DREAM. IT WAS ALSO BELIEVED THAT SHE ALSO CLEANSED THE PATIENT PSYCHICALLY AND SPIRITUALLY TO AID IN THE HEALING PROCESS.
IMAGES OFHYGEIA USUALLY SHOW HER HOLDING OR FEEDING THE SACRED SNAKE WHICH WAS HOUSED IN THE TEMPLES OF THE SANCTUARIES OF HEALING. HER RELATIONSHIP WITH THE SERPENT LINKS HER TO THE ANCIENT GODDESS OF HEALING AND NATURE. SNAKES WERE A SYMBOL OF REGENERATION AND DIVINATION,AND, AS SUCH, WERE SACRED TO THE GODDESS WHO NURTURES AND TENDS TO THE SNAKE...REVERING IN ITS POWER TO REJUVENATE AND SHED ITS OLD WAYS. SHE CELEBRATES ITS DARK AND EARTHY FORCE AND RECOGNIZES THE DIVINE MYSTERY OF ILLNESS AND LOST. OFTEN THE SNAKE APPEARS AS DRINKING FROM A CUP. THIS SYMBOL STANDS AS A BRIDGE BETWEEN WESTERN AND ORIENTAL MEDICATION.
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