ITZPAPALOTL (pronounced its-pah-pah-LO-tl) is the Aztec Goddess of fire. Her name means either "obsidian butterfly" or "clawed butterfly", which may refer to the fact that she is sometimes depicted with bat wings. Her wings are made from obsidian, a black stone that was used for knives. Itzpapalotl rules over Tamoanchan, a paradise where the first humans were created, and where the souls of stillborn babies and women who died in childbirth went.
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Monthu was a falcon-god, of war. Monthu's name, shown in Egyptian hieroglyphs to the right, is technically transcribed as mntw. Because of the difficulty in transcribing Egyptian, it is often realized as Menthu, Montju, Ment, Month, Montu, Monto, Mentu, Mont or Minu'thi. Monthu was an ancient god, his name meaning nomad, originally a manifestation of the scorching effect of the sun, Ra, and as such often appeared under the epithet Monthu-Ra. The destructiveness of this characteristic led to him gaining characteristics of a warrior, and eventually becoming a war-god. When Thebes gained prominence, and thus its patron god Amun became more significant, changing his wife to Mut, Monthu was chosen as the necessary child to satisfy Mut's strong maternal desire to adopt, since he represented strength, virility, and victory. Because of the association of raging bulls with strength and war, Monthu was also said to manifest himself in a white bull with a black face, which was referred to as the Bakha. Egypt's greatest general-kings called themselves Mighty Bulls, the sons of Monthu. In the famous narrative of the Battle of Kadesh, Ramesses II was said to have seen the enemy and "raged at them like Monthu, Lord of Thebes". In Ancient Egyptian art, he was pictured as a falcon-headed or bull-headed man who wore the sun-disc, with two plumes on his head, the falcon representing the sky, and the bull representing strength and war. He would hold various weaponry, including scimitars, bows and arrows, and knives in his hands During the New Kingdom, large and impressive temples to Monthu were constructed in Armant. In fact, the Greek name of the city of Armant was Hermonthis, meaning the land of Monthu. Earlier temples to Monthu include one located adjacent to the Middle Kingdom fortress of Uronarti below the Second Cataract of the Nile, dating to the nineteenth century BCE. Mentuhotep, a name given to several pharaohs in the Middle Kingdom, means "Menthu is satisfied".
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Kali, the dark one, the black pearl of the night, is one of India's most popular goddesses; her picture hangs in many homes, and her image is seen at virtually all of the Navratri celebrations. She is known as the Mother of eternal Time and is adorned in gold and moonhloe pearls, armed with a sword. Her temple city is Calcutta (Steps of Kali). Is she a demon or a goddess? In essence, Kali is the ultimate reality.
Kali is often depicted as the Black Goddess, the essence of all perishable things. Her blackness symbolizes her comprehensive nature. The Sanskrit word "Kali" means "time". She is the personification of time, so why should it be so surprising that she has such a terrible image? Kali's four arms represent the complete circle of creation and destruction. Her left hands which hold a sword and a demon head represent her destructive side. Her right hands represent her creative aspect.
It is very important to realize that Kali is not evil. She does not represent destruction as a negative force but as a positive grace of change. She is the Divine Mother of Protection. She takes on the personality of terror to induce fear and terrorize demons and evil, and when She takes away the darkness of the outside world, She grants illumination of the inner world. Hence, she is said to kill the ego, our attachment to pettiness. With her love we cease to react emotionally to the circumstances of life and to plan our actions out fully before acting.
Kali taches us that pain, sorrow, death, and destruction are not overcome by denying or trying to explain them away. These are inevitable parts of life that each of us must face if we hope to realize the fullness of our being and to realize our potential...we must accept these parts of our existence. Kali is our Mother because it is She who reveals to us our mortality and releases us to act fully and freely. This is the path that Kali shows.
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"CHANGING WOMAN" IS ONE OF THE MOST REVERED DEITIES AMONGST THE NATIVE AMERICAN INDIANS. SHE IS THE GODDESS OF ALL FERTILITY, A WONDERFULLY BENEVOLENT FIGURE FOR IT IS CHANGING WOMAN WHO GIFTS THE PEOPLE WITH ABUNDANCE AND PROVIDES TEACHINGS THAT ALLOW THEM TO LIVE IN HARMONY WITH ALL CREATURES. ESTSANTLEKI, HER NAVAHO NAME, MEANS "'SELF-RENEWING ONE"' FOR SHE IS BELIEVED TO BE CAPABLE OF CHANGING FROM A CHILD TO A YOUNG WOMAN TO A CRONE AT WILL. BUT, DESPITE THIS TRAIT, CHANGING WOMAN IS NOT USUALLY CONSIDERED A TRIPLE GODDESS. INSTEAD, THIS CAPACITY FOR RENEWAL LINKS HER TO THE SEASONS. SHE IS THE GODDESS OF CYCLES--THE SEASONS, LUNAR, AND WOMEN'S MENSTRUAL CYCLES--THE CYCLICAL PATH OF BIRTH, MATURING, GROWING OLD, AND DYING ONLY TO BE REBORN AGAIN IN THE SPRING.
HER TALE IS ONE OF AN INTERESTING BEGINNING. SHE IS THE DAUGHTER OF THE FIRST WOMAN AND THE FIRST MAN, WHO, WHEN THEY FIRST CAME INTO THE WORLD, WERE FOLLOWED BY SOME HORRIBLE MONSTERS WHO HAD BEEN BORN FROM THEIR SELF-ABUSE IN THE PREVIOUS WORLD. AND, BEFORE LONG, IT SEEMS THAT THE MONSTERS HAD DEVOURED EVERYONE EXCEPT FOR FIRST WOMAN AND FIRST MAN...AND FOUR OTHERS. FIRST MAN WAS HOPING FOR THE GODS TO HELP, BUT FIRST WOMAN DOUBTED IT BECAUSE THEY DIDN'T YET KNOW WHAT PLEASED OR DISPLEASED THE GODS. SO, ONE MORNING, WHEN FIRST MAN NOTICED THAT A DARK CLOUD WAS COVERING THE CREST OF THEIR MOUNTAIN, HE VENTURED OUT TO INVESTIGATE SAYING HE WOULD PROTECT HIMSELF BY SURROUNDING HIMSELF WITH SONGS. AMIDST ALL THE THUNDER, LIGHTNING, AND DRIVING RAIN, HE MANAGED TO REACH THE PEAK OF THE MUNTAIN. SUDDENLY, HE HEARD AN INFANT CRYING, AND, DESPITE THE BLINDING STORM, HE DISCOVERED A SMALL PEICE OF TURQUOISE IN THE FORM OF A FEMALE. HE PICKED IT UP AND TOOK IT TO FIRST WOMAN, INSTRUCTING HER TO CARE FOR IT.
AND, IN DURING A RATHER ELABORATE CEREMONY, A FEMALE BABY WAS CREATED FROM THIS SMALL PIECE OF TURQUOISE; THIS BABY WOULD BECOME CHANGING WOMAN. AND, THE INFANT GREW INTO ADULTHOOD IN FOUR DAYS. AND, WHEN SHE CAME OF AGE, A CEREMONY, WHICH IS CALLED KINAALDA TO THIS DAY, WAS HELD IN ORDER THAT SHE WOULD BE ABLE TO BEAR CHILDREN. AND SHE MATED WITH THE SUN AND BORE TWIN SONS WHO FOUGHT THE MONSTERS AND SLEW THEM, BUT THE EARTH HAD FEW PEOPLE LEFT. CHANGING WOMAN BRUSHED THE DUST FROM HER BREAST, AND FROM HER RIGHT BREAST CAME A WHITE FLOUR, AND FROM HER LEFT...A YELLOW MEAL...WHICH SHE MIXED WITH WATER TO FORM A PASTE. AND OUT OF THIS PASTE SHE CREATED MAN AND WOMAN WHO REPRODUCED IN PLENTY SO THERE WERE ENOUGH PEOPLE TO POPULATE THE WORLD. AND, WHEN SUN CAME TO HER AND ASKED HERT TO GO TO THE WEST WITH HIM SO THEY COULD BE TOGETHER EACH DAY AFTER HIS LABORS, SHE REFUSED AND EXPLAINED THAT SHE IS OF THE EARTH AND MUST CHANGE WITH THE SEASONS.
KINAALDA CONTINUES TO BE THE INITIATION CEREMONY OF NAVAJO WOMEN. AT THIS TIME, THE INITIATE TAKES IN THE POWER OF THE CHANGING WOMAN SO THAT SHE MIGHT LEARN THE VALUES OF LOVE, HOSPITALITY, AND GENEROSITY...AND TO KNOW THAT SHE HERSELF IS A SOURCE OF FOOD AND HARMONY. AND THE SONGS THAT WERE SUNG FOR CHANGING WOMAN RAN ARE STILL SUNG TODAY FOR YOUNG WOMEN AT THEIR PUBERTY CEREMONIES. CHANGING WOMAN REMAINS THE IDEAL FOR WHICH ALL WOMEN STRIVE. SHE SHOWS US THAT IT IS POSSIBLE TO FIND NEW WAYS OF BEING WHEN WE FEEL STUCK IN OUR ROLES OR RELATIONSHIPS. WE ARE ABLE TO CHNGE.
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