Quetzalcoatl  

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Quetzalcoatl Cover
Quetzalcoatl meaning 'Feathered Snake.' One of the major deities of the Aztec, Toltecs, and other Middle American peoples. He is the creator sky-god and wise legislator. He organized the original cosmos and participated in the creation and destruction of various world periods. Quetzalcoatl ruled the fifth world cycle and created the humans of that cycle. The story goes that he descended to Mictlan, the underworld, and gathered the bones of the human beings of the previous epochs. Upon his return, he sprinkled his own blood upon these bones and fashioned thus the humans of the new era. He is also a god of the wind ({he wind-god Ehecatl is one of his forms}, as well as a water-god and fertility-god.

He is regarded as a son of the virgin goddess Coatlicue and as the twin brother of Xolotl. As the bringer of culture he introduced agriculture {maize} and the calendar and is the patron of the arts and the crafts.

In one myth the god allowed himself to be seduced by Tezcatlipoca, but threw himself on a funeral pyre out of remorse. After his death his heart became the morning-star, and is as such identified with the god Tlahuizcalpantecuhtli. In dualistic Toltec religion, the opposing deity, Tezcatlipoca {'Smoking Mirror'}, a god of the night, had reputedly driven Quetzalcoatl into exile. According to yet another tradition he left on a raft of snakes over the sea. In any case, Quetzalcoatl, described as light-skinned and bearded, would return in a certain year. Thus, when the Spanish conqueror Hernбn Cortйs appeared in 1519, the Aztec king, Montezuma II, was easily convinced that Cortйs was in fact the returning god.

The Aztec later made him a symbol of death and resurrection and a patron of priests. The higher priests were called Quetzalcoatl too. The god has a great affinity with the priest-king Topiltzin Ce Acatl Quetzalcoatl, who ruled the Toltecs in Tula in the 10th century. The cult of Quetzalcoatl was widespread in Teotihuacan { 50 km northeast of Mexico City}, Tula {or Tullбn, capitol of the Toltecs in middle Mexico}, Xochilco, Cholula, Tenochtitlan {the current Mexico City}, and Chichen Itza.

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Goddess Kokopellimana  

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Goddess Kokopellimana Image
KOKOPELLIMANA is the Hopi Goddess of fertility, and the wife of the fertility God Kokopelli. Her name literally means "Kokopelli's wife". While her husband was off seducing maidens, Kokopellimana did the same for the unmarried men of the village. She also incited the villagers with her dancing. Kokopellimana is always pictured standing behind her husband, ready to take the burden which bows his back.

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Goddess Ninlil  

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Goddess Ninlil Image
 NINLIL is the Sumerian Goddess of the air. She is the daughter to Nisaba, Goddess of writing, accounting, and grain, and Haya, God of storehouses. Ninlil's name was originally SUD, but was changed to Ninlil when she married Enlil, God of the air. When Enlil first saw Sud, he was overcome by her beauty and begged her parents' permission to marry her. In one version of the myths, he showered her with gifts and married her properly. In another version, Enlil raped Ninlil and was banished to the underworld. Ninlil followed him there, and gave birth to four sons: Nanna, God of the moon; Nergal, God of death; Ninazu, God of the underworld; and Enbilulu, God of rivers. Ninlil's name, which means "lady of the air," is also seen as NINLILLA.

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Osiris  

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Osiris Cover
Osiris was an Egyptian god, usually identified as the god of the Afterlife, the underworld and the dead. Osiris was at times considered the oldest son of the Earth god Geb, and the sky goddess Nut, as well as being brother and husband of Isis, with Horus being considered his posthumously begotten son. He was also associated with the epithet Khenti-Amentiu, which means "Foremost of the Westerners" — a reference to his kingship in the land of the dead. As ruler of the dead, Osiris was also sometimes called "king of the living", since the Ancient Egyptians considered the blessed dead "the living ones". Osiris is first attested in the middle of the Fifth dynasty of Egypt, although it is likely that he was worshipped much earlier; the term Khenti-Amentiu dates to at least the first dynasty, also as a pharaonic title. Most information we have on the myths of Osiris is derived from allusions contained in the Pyramid Texts at the end of the Fifth Dynasty, later New Kingdom source documents such as the Shabaka Stone and the Contending of Horus and Seth, and, much later, in narrative style from the writings of Greek authors including Plutarch and Diodorus Siculus. Osiris was not only a merciful judge of the dead in the afterlife, but also the underworld agency that granted all life, including sprouting vegetation and the fertile flooding of the Nile River. He is described as the "Lord of love", "He Who is Permanently Benign and Youthful" and the "Lord of Silence". The Kings of Egypt were associated with Osiris in death - as Osiris rose from the dead they would, in union with him, inherit eternal life through a process of imitative magic. By the New Kingdom all people, not just pharaohs, were believed to be associated with Osiris at death if they incurred the costs of the assimilation rituals. Through the hope of new life after death Osiris began to be associated with the cycles observed in nature, in particular vegetation and the annual flooding of the Nile, through his links with Orion and Sirius at the start of the new year. Osiris was widely worshiped as Lord of the Dead until the suppression of the Egyptian religion during the Christian era.

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