Fodla  

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Fodla Cover
F'odla (also given as F'otla, later F'odhla or F'ola), daughter of Ernmas of the Tuatha D'e Danann, was one of the tutelary goddesses of Ireland. Her husband was Mac Cecht. With her sisters, Banba and 'Eriu, she was part of an important triumvirate of goddesses. When the Milesians arrived from Spain, each of the three sisters asked the bard Amergin that her name be given to the country. 'Eriu ('Eire, and in the dative 'Eirinn', giving English 'Erin') seems to have won the argument, but the poets hold that all three were granted their wish, and thus 'Fodhla' is sometimes used as a literary name for Ireland, as is 'Banba'. This is similar in some ways to the use of the poetic name 'Albion' for Great Britain. In the Tochomlad mac Miledh a hEspain i nErind: no Cath Tailten, F'otla is described as the wife of Mac Cecht, reigning as Queen of Ireland in any year in which Mac Cecht ruled as king. The text goes on to relate that as the Milesians were journeying through Ireland, F'otla met them 'with her swift fairy hosts around her' on Naini Mountain, also called the mountain of Ebliu. A footnote identifies the Naini Mountain of Ebliu as the Slieve Felim mountains in County Limerick. The soil of this region is peaty luvisol. According to Seathr'un C'eitinn she worshipped the M'orr'igan, who is also sometimes named as a daughter of Ernmas. In De Situ Albanie (a late document), the Pictish Chronicle, and the Duan Albanach, Fotla was the name of one of the first Pictish kingdoms. The L'E Fola (CM12), a ship in the Irish Naval Service (now decommissioned), was named after her.

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Winalagalis  

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Winalagalis is a war god of the Kwakwaka'wakw native people of British Columbia. He travels the world, making war. Winalagilis comes from North (underworld) to winter with the Kwakiutl. (Locher p. 24-25) winalagalis is the bringer and ruler of Tseka (Winter Ceremonial), and imbues red cedar bark with supernatural power. Winalagalis is associated with a magical war canoe (alternately described as made of copper, a sisiutl, invisible, able to travel underground, & permanently fused with Winalagalis). He is also described as thin, tall, black, with bat-like eyes. (Jonaitis 100) Winalagalis' ceremonies include the Tuxwid and Hawinalal warrior invincibility dances, and the ma'maka (disease thrower) dance. In the Hawinalal, dancers don sisiutl girdles, are pierced through back & thigh skin with skewers, and suspended from the rafters of the plank house to demonstrate invincibility & immunity from pain (Boas, "Social Organization... ", p. 485). He is announced by whistles & bull-roarers (the voice of Winalagalis).

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Voltumna  

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Voltumna Cover
Voltumna or Veltha was the chthonic (earth) deity, who became the supreme god of the Etruscan pantheon, the deus Etruriae princeps, according to Varro. Voltumna's cult was centered in Volsini a polis of the Etruscan Civilization of northwest Italy. The bond of the twelve Etruscan populi was renewed annually at the sacred grove of Fanum Voltumnae, the sanctuary of Voltumnus sited near Volsinii (present day Bolsena), which was mentioned by Livy. At the Fanum Voltumnae ludi were held, the precise nature of which, whether athletic or artistic, is unknown. In the Roman Forum, near the Temple of Castor and Pollux stood a shrine dedicated to Voltumna in the Vicus Tuscus. He was the equivalent of the Roman Vertumnus.

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Goddess Kubaba  

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KUBABA is the Hurrian Goddess of the city of Carchemish. She was usually depicted as a regal woman wearing a long robe, either standing or seated on a throne. She holds a mirror and a pomegranate, symbols of magic and fertility. She was adopted by the Hittites after the fall of the Hurrians, and eventually evolved into the Phrygian Goddess Cybebe, later known as Cybele to the Romans.

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