ERIS (pronounced EAR-iss) is the Greek Goddess of strife. According to most sources, she is the daughter of Nyx, Goddess of night, and Erebos, God of darkness, although Homer calls her the daughter of Zeus and Hera, twin sister to Ares, the God of war. Eris delights in causing trouble wherever she goes, and she is the last to leave the battlefield, soaking up all of the suffering that she has caused. It was an act of Eris that ended up causing the Trojan War--in revenge for not being invited to the marriage of Thetis, Goddess of the sea, and Peleus, a mortal, she cast a golden apple inscribed with the word "kallisti" ("for the fairest") among the guests. The apple was claimed by the three Goddesses Hera, Athena, and Aphrodite, and they asked Zeus to decide which one of them it should belong to. Not wanting to get into the middle of that particular argument, Zeus gave the task to Paris, a mortal prince from Troy. Each of the Goddesses tried to bribe him--Hera with power over all other men, Athena with skill in war, and Aphrodite with the most beautiful woman in the world--and Paris chose Aphrodite. Unfortunately, the most beautiful woman in the world, Helen, was already married, and when Paris kidnapped her (with Aphrodite's help), the Trojan War began.
Eris is the mother of a whole host of evil spirits or Kakodaimones, including Lethe (forgetfulness), Limos (hunger), Ponos (labor), Dysnomia (lawlessness), Ate (ruin and recklessness), Horkos (oaths), the Algea (pain), the Amphilogiai (disputes), the Androktasiai (slaughter on the battlefield), the Hysminai (fights), the Makhai (battles), the Neikea (quarrels), the Phonoi (murder), and the Pseudologoi (lies). It was these Kakodaimones who inhabited the jar that Pandora later opened, releasing them into the world. Eris's name means "strife," and epithets used to describe her include HARD-HEARTED, ABHORRED, FRIGHTFUL, TERRIBLE, and DEADLY.
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KETO is the Greek Goddess of sea monsters and large sea creatures, such as whales and sharks. She is the daughter of Gaia, Goddess of the earth, and Pontos, God of the sea, and is the sister-wife of Phorkys, God of the dangers of the sea. As befits such fearsome parents, the children of Keto and Phorkys were truly horrors--the Gorgons (Medousa, Sthenno, and Euryale--winged sea demons with serpents for hair, whose gaze could turn a person or creature to stone); the Graiai (Pemphredo, Enyo, and Deino--three gray-skinned sea demons who shared a single eye and a single tooth between them); Ekhidna (a half-woman half-dragon sea monster); Skylla (a sea monster with six dog heads and twelve feet); and Ladon (the hundred-headed dragon that guarded the golden apples of the Hesperides). Keto's name, which means "sea monster," is also seen as CETO, and other names for her include LAMIA (shark), TRIENOS (three times), and KRATAIIS (of the rocks), also spelled KRATAEIS or CRATAEIS.
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KHAOS is the Greek Goddess of the air. There are two schools of thought as to how she came into existence--either she was the first being (in the beginning, there was only chaos), or she is the daughter of Ananke and Khronos, two of the primeval Gods. In the first instance, Khaos created Erebos (God of darkness), Nyx (Goddess of the night), Aither (God of light), and Hemera (Goddess of the day). In the second, she is the sister of Erebos and Aither. Either way, Khaos represented the empty misty air in between the earth and the heavens. Her name, which means "the gap" or "the chasm," is also seen as KHAEOS, CHAOS, or CHAEUS.
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DOLYA (pronounced DOLE-yah) is the Slavic Goddess of luck. She is said to live behind the stove in the family home. When she is happy, she appears as a beautiful young maiden and bestows good luck on all the inhabitants of the house. When she is unhappy, she appears as NEDOLYA, a withered old woman, and brings bad luck to all who live in the house. Dolya and Nedolya are also associated with the great mother Goddess Makosh--they assist her in spinning the threads of life.
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