Kumugwe (also Komokwa or Goomokwey) is a figure in the mythology of Pacific Northwest peoples. Known as "Copper-Maker", he is the god of the undersea world revered by the Kwakwaka'wakw and Nuxalk indigenous nations. He has a house under the sea filled with riches, and his name means "wealthy one". He is sometimes identified as one and the same as Qaniqilak, the spirit of the summer fishing season, and is then regarded as the adversary of Tseiqami otherwise known as Thunderbird, the guiding spirit of the Winter Hamatsa Dance season. Kumugwe is master of the seals. The posts and beams of his house are living sea lions. Sometimes he appears on the surface of the sea, but his head is so big that it looks like an island. He is responsible for the rising and ebbing of the tides, as well as the riches these tides deposit on beaches, and those claimed by the vagaries of sea weather, both material and human lives. One terrific story recounts how he eats human eyes as if they were crab apples. Kumugwe has the power to see into the future, heal the sick and injured, and bestow powers on those whom he favors. Many heroes went on quests to reach his undersea abode; those who made it were rewarded with riches and spirit magic. His world is guarded by the octopus. Sometimes Kumugwe himself is conceived of in octopus form. Kumugwe would teach the hero who entered his abode the ways of the sea, and give him gifts of blankets, coppers, songs, masks, and regalia. These items of mystical regalia are called Tlugwe (or Tlokwe) in Kwak'wala. One of Kumugwe's epithets is "Copper Maker. " He has a wife named Tlakwakilayokwa, which means "Born to Be Copper Maker's Woman. " She is also sometimes named Kominaga. Masks of Kumugwe often show him with sea creature attributes, such as rounded fish eyes, and rows of gills at the corners of his mouth, not to mention fins encircling his head, the suction cups of an octopus, fish and aquatic birds which frame or sit upon his head. His most important totemic animals are loons, seals, sea lions, octopuses, orcas, and sculpins.
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ONCE IN A LIFETIME, EACH OF HER WORSHIPPERS TRAVELS TO ONE OF THE SACRED PLACES AND SWINGS A "BULLROARER" UNTIL "KUNAPIPI" SINGS AND INTRODUCES THE INITIATE TO HIS OR HER TWIN SOUL, A SOUL THAT RESIDES ALWAYS WITH THE GODDESS AND, AT THE WORSHIPPER'S DEATH, WILL CALL ITS TWIN BACK TO "KUNAPIPI. "IT IS SAID THAT SHE SWALLOWS YOUNG BOYS, THEN REGURGITATES THEM INTO ADULTHOOD. HER TOTEM IS THE RAINBOW SNAKE.
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Mahakali literally translated as Great Kali, is a Hindu Goddess, considered by some to be the consort of Shiva, and by others as the basis of Reality (see below). Mahakali in Sanskrit is etymologically the feminized variant of Mahakala or Great Time (which is interpreted also as Death), an epithet of the God Shiva in Hinduism. Mahakali is another name of the dark Goddess Kali, who is the force of the anger of Durga and is an aspect of the Mahashakti and therefore her color is light blue. She is believed to be the greatest aspect of Kali whom many Hindus hold as a Divine Mother.
Mahakali (Kali Devi) is one of the incarnations of 'Shakti' of Durga. She is the power bestower and is believed by Hindus to be the destroyer of evils and enemies. This form of Durga is most adored in Bengal and Bihar. She is also called Mahishasur Mardini (The destroyer of Demon Mahishasur who was a frightening figure on earth at a time). Kali or Mahakali is specially adored during both the Navratras by the Hindus.
Mahakali's mythology is contained in various Puranic and Tantric Hindu Scriptures (Shastra), where She is variously portrayed as the Adi-Shakti or Primeval Force of the Universe, identical with the Ultimate Reality or Brahman, the (female) Prakriti or World as opposed to the (male) Purusha or Consciousness, or as one of three manifestations of Mahadevi (The Great Goddess) that represent the three Gunas or attributes in Samkhya philosophy; in this interpretation Mahakali represents Tamas or the force of inertia. A common understanding of the Durga Saptashati or Chandi Path (the Devi Mahatmya or "Greatness of the Goddess", a later interpolation into the Markandeya Purana, considered a core text of Shaktism, the branch of Hinduism which considers Devi to be the highest aspect of Godhead) assigns a different form of the Goddess (Mahasaraswati, Mahalakshmi, and Mahakali) to each of the three episodes therein.
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Mahakali (Kali Devi) is one of the incarnations of 'Shakti' of Durga. She is the power bestower and is believed by Hindus to be the destroyer of evils and enemies. This form of Durga is most adored in Bengal and Bihar. She is also called Mahishasur Mardini (The destroyer of Demon Mahishasur who was a frightening figure on earth at a time). Kali or Mahakali is specially adored during both the Navratras by the Hindus.
Mahakali's mythology is contained in various Puranic and Tantric Hindu Scriptures (Shastra), where She is variously portrayed as the Adi-Shakti or Primeval Force of the Universe, identical with the Ultimate Reality or Brahman, the (female) Prakriti or World as opposed to the (male) Purusha or Consciousness, or as one of three manifestations of Mahadevi (The Great Goddess) that represent the three Gunas or attributes in Samkhya philosophy; in this interpretation Mahakali represents Tamas or the force of inertia. A common understanding of the Durga Saptashati or Chandi Path (the Devi Mahatmya or "Greatness of the Goddess", a later interpolation into the Markandeya Purana, considered a core text of Shaktism, the branch of Hinduism which considers Devi to be the highest aspect of Godhead) assigns a different form of the Goddess (Mahasaraswati, Mahalakshmi, and Mahakali) to each of the three episodes therein.
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